有关考研英语翻译题解析

　　阅读理解是考研英语中非常重要的部分，2020考研英语阅读主要资料有哪些?首先是真题文章，但是真题的数量有限，无法满足同学们的日常练习。其次，同源文章作为接近真题的文章，是很好的复习资料，同时也是同学们必不可少的复习资料。本期小编整理了考研英语阅读同源外刊的相关内容，供考生参考。
　　We improve ourselves by victories over ourselves. There must be contests, and we must win.
　　我们通过战胜自己来改进自我。那里一定有竞赛，我们一定要赢！
　　Nothing is known about how extraterrestrials might take in information. A pair of plaques sent in the early 1970s with Pioneer 10 and 11, two spacecraft, show nude human beings and a rough map to find Earth—rudimentary stuff, but even that assumes aliens can see. Since such craft have no more than an infinitesimal chance of being found, radio broadcasts from Earth, travelling at the speed of light, are more likely to make contact. But just as a terrestrial radio must be tuned to the right frequency, so must the interstellar kind. How would aliens happen upon the correct one? The Pioneer plaque gives a hint in the form of a basic diagram of a hydrogen atom, the magnetic polarity of which flips at regular intervals, with a frequency of 1,420MHz. Since hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, the hope is that this sketch might act as a sort of telephone number.
　　关于外星人如何获取信息，我们一无所知。上世纪70年代初，“先锋10号”和“11号”两艘宇宙飞船发射了一对牌匾，上面展示了裸体的人类，还有一张寻找地球基础生命的粗略地图，但仍假设外星人能看到。由于这种飞行器被发现的机会微乎其微，所以来自地球的以光速飞行的监听电广播更有可能与之接触。但是，就像地球上的监听电必须调到合适的频率一样，星际间的监听电也必须调到合适的频率。外星人如何碰巧找到正确的频率呢？先驱牌匾以氢原子基本图的形式给出了一个提示，氢原子的磁极按一定的间隔翻转，频率为1420mhz。因为氢是宇宙中丰富的元素，所以希望这张草图能充当某种通讯号码。
　　Assuming that human messages actually reach their target, what would earthlings and aliens talk about? The obvious subject to focus on is mathematics; its basic concepts are often assumed to be universal. Any intelligent species might have an interest in natural numbers (1, 2, 3 and so on) as well as things such as pi. But moving beyond that to wider conversation would be far harder. Scientists have worked on “self-interpreting” languages— written in a way that aims to teach the reader the language as they go—which might make the next steps possible.
　　打卡作业：翻译文章中蓝色句子，在文章末尾留言，下期推送会公布翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~）
　　Is there any reason to think alien communication systems would share the two key design features of human language, words and grammar? A word like “book” is a symbol for all objects that exhibit bookish qualities; would aliens also employ symbols, rather than having separate names for every object in their world? Mr Oberhaus adduces arguments that they might. Whatever type of society they inhabit, alien life-forms would have limited time and energy, as people do. It is efficient to use symbols. Similarly, human grammar allows a vast number of sentences to be made from a finite number of rules. Any resource-constrained Moon-man might develop such grammar, too.
　　有什么理由认为外星通讯系统会共享人类语言中词汇和语法这两个关键的设计特征？像“书”这样的词是所有表现出书卷气的物体的象征；外星人是否也会使用符号，而不是对他们世界里的每个物体都有单独的名字？奥伯豪斯先生引证了他们可能会这样做的论点。不管他们生活在什么样的社会里，外星人的时间和精力都是有限的，就像人类一样。使用符号是有效的。同样，人类语法允许大量的句子由有限数量的规则组成。任何资源受限的月球人也可能发展出这样的语法。
　　Even if all such hurdles were overcome, however, distance would still be a problem. Human children learn their first language by listening, trying it out and getting instant feedback. This give-and- take allows them to use fluent sentences by the age of four. In 2015 the first known exoplanet at a “goldilocks” distance from its star (not too near and not too far), and with water, was discovered 110 light-years away. A message sent today would arrive in 2129; its reply, in 2239. The kinds of exchanges depicted in sci-fi films would take lifetimes.
　　然而，即使所有这些障碍都被克服了，距离仍然是个问题。人类儿童通过倾听、尝试和获得即时反馈来学习母语。这种“输入并输出”的方法让人类儿童在四岁时就能使用流利的句子。2015年，一颗已知的系外行星在距其恒星“适居带”距离(既不太近也不太远)的地方被发现，在这个行星110光年外发现了水。今天发送的消息将在2129年到达；它的答复是在2239年。科幻电影中描述的那种交流可能要花上好几代的时间。

　　The awesome challenges of communicating across the galaxy mean that some think it not worth the effort—to say nothing of a political question raised by Mr Oberhaus: “Who speaks for Earth?” But pondering these obstacles raises another thought, not about aliens but what humanity has in common. Linguists argue about whether languages share universal features or are unique products of local cultures; whatever the answer, the world’s 7,000-odd tongues are vastly closer to one another than anything to be found out there.
　　跨越星系交流的巨大挑战意味着有些人认为不值得付出努力——更不用说奥伯豪斯提出的一个政治问题了：“谁代表地球讲话？” 但思考这些障碍引发了另一个想法，不是关于外星人，而是关于人类的共同之处。语言学家们争论语言是否具有普遍的特征或者是当地文化的独特产物；不管答案是什么，世界上7000多种不同的语言彼此之间的距离比其他外星语言都要近得多。