有关考研阅读资料学习

　　阅读理解是考研英语中非常重要的部分，2020考研英语阅读主要资料有哪些?首先是真题文章，但是真题的数量有限，无法满足同学们的日常练习。其次，同源文章作为接近真题的文章，是很好的复习资料，同时也是同学们必不可少的复习资料。本期小编整理了考研英语阅读同源外刊的相关内容，供考生参考。
　　温馨提示:
　　距离2020考研 倒计时11 天
　　距离2021考研 倒计时 376天
　　We improve ourselves by victories over ourselves. There must be contests, and we must win.
　　我们通过战胜自己来改进自我。那里一定有竞赛，我们一定要赢！
　　Assuming that human messages actually reach their target, what would earthlings and aliens talk about? The obvious subject to focus on is mathematics; its basic concepts are often assumed to be universal. Any intelligent species might have an interest in natural numbers (1, 2, 3 and so on) as well as things such as pi. But moving beyond that to wider conversation would be far harder. Scientists have worked on “self-interpreting” languages— written in a way that aims to teach the reader the language as they go—which might make the next steps possible.
　　假设人类的信息真的到达了外星人那里，地球人和外星人会聊什么呢？明显的主题是数学；通常认为数学的基本概念是普遍的。任何聪明的物种都可能对自然数(1、2、3等等)和圆周率之类的东西感兴趣。但要想超越这一范畴，开展更广泛的对话，难度要大得多。科学家一直致力于“自我解释”语言的研究，“自我解释”的写作目的是在读者阅读的过程中教会他们语言，这使得让下一步交流成为可能。
　　Ms Monk and her co-authors question the first assumption by pointing out that many animals seem to mate at a frequency far higher than looksnecessary merely to reproduce—meaning that the proportional costs of any instance of sexual activity which does not produce offspring must be low.
　　Monk女士和她的共著者质疑了一个假设，他们指出许多动物的交配频率似乎远远高于为了繁殖所必需的频率—这意味着任何不产生后代的性行为的比例成本一定很低。
　　If this is true, it reverses the burden of proof. The cost of the sensory and neurological mechanisms needed to identify another's sex,and thus permit sex-discriminating mating behaviour, is high.Sometimes, that will be a price worth paying, especially if a long-term relationship is involved in reproduction, as it is in most birds and some mammals.
　　打卡作业：翻译文章中蓝色句子，在文章末尾留言，下期推送会公布翻译答案，大家一起来学习英语吧~）
　　But it is the evolution of sex-discrimination for which special-case exemptions must be sought, not the evolution of same-sex behaviour.The second assumption is even easier to challenge.Typically, evolutionary biologists assume that traits shared widely across a related group are likely to have evolved in an ancestral population, not repeatedly and separately in each lineage.
　　但特殊情况下，必须寻求性别判断的演变，而不是同性行为的演变。对第二种假设提出质疑甚至更加容易。通常情况下，进化生物学家认为，在一个相关群体中广泛共享的特征，很可能是在一个祖先群体中进化而来的，而不是在每个谱系中重复和独立的。
　　Ms Monk and her colleagues argue that cognitive biases in the subject's practitioners have pushed them to look for fantastic explanations for the evolution of same-sex behaviours in a range of animals,rather than considering the perhaps more reasonable explanation for its persistence,that it is a low-cost ancestral trait that has little evolutionary reason to disappear.
　　Monk女士和她的同事认为主体从业人员的认知偏差促使他们为各种动物的同性行为进化寻找奇妙的解释，而不是为其存在寻找更加合理的解释，它的存在是一种低成本的祖先特征，在进化上几乎没有理由消失。
　　Although the idea that same-sex behaviour has always been a norm is scientifically intriguing,the paper's authors are also making a broader point about human beings' pursuit of knowledge.Ms Monk says that the paper's authors met through a Twitter account which promotes the work of LGBT scientists.
　　虽然从科学上来讲，同性行为一直是一种常态的这种想法很有趣，但该论文的作者也就人类对知识的追求提出了一个更广泛的观点。Monk女士表示该论文的作者们通过一个推特账号进行了会面，该账号旨在推广LGBT科学家的工作。
　　This was a serendipitous encounter which gave them space to explore an idea。that might have been dismissed at first sight in a more conventional setting. The group includes people with a range of sexual orientations,so naturally they had an incentive to ask whether mainstream evolutionary biology's view of sexual orientation is correct.
　　这是一次偶然的相遇，给了他们空间去探索。一个在更传统环境中可能一眼就被忽略的想法。这个群体包括了各种性取向的人，因此，他们自然有动机提问—主流进化生物学关于性取向的观点是否正确。
　　Their hypothesis still needs testing.That will mean zoologists gathering more observational data on sexual behaviour of animals in the wild—and doing so with an open mind.The authors themselves are also mulling approaches involving computer modelling,which might show that a group of organisms behaving according to their theory is capable of reaching the distribution of sexual behaviours seen in the wild today.

　　他们的假设仍有待验证。这将意味着动物学家要收集更多关于野外动物性行为的观察性数据，而且要保持开放的心态。作者们本身也在考虑采用计算机建模的方法，这可能表明一组根据他们研究的有机体行为能够得出今天野外所见的性行为分布。
　　If their hypothesis is confirmed, it raises the question of which other facets of scientific knowledge might be being obscured,because the backgrounds of practitioners in those fields do not lead them to ask unconventional questions.Ms Monk's and her colleagues' theory may yet turn notions of the evolution of animal sexual behaviour on their head.With a broader array of minds focused on other problems, other fields might follow, too.
　　如果他们的假设得到证实，这就提出了一个问题，即科学知识的哪些其他方面可能被掩盖了,因为那些领域的从业人员的背景不会让他们提出非常规的问题。Monk女士以及她同事的理论可能会党动物性行为进化的观念。随着更广泛的思想集中在其他问题上，其他领域可能也会跟进。