瑜伽八支的分析

　　今天小编给大家带来了关于瑜伽八支的知识点分享，希望对大家的瑜伽学习有所帮助，祝愿大家生活美好。
　　Get to Know the Eight Limbs of Yoga Irene Share Yoga
　　Patanjali's eight-fold path offers guidelines for a meaningful and purposeful life. Delve into this prescription for moral and ethical conduct and self-discipline.
　　帕坦伽利的八支道路为有意义和有目的的生活提供了指导方针。来深入研究这一道德和理行为以及自律的指示。
　　In Patanjali's Yoga Sutra, the eightfold path is called ashtanga, which literally means "eight limbs" (ashta=eight, anga=limb). These eight steps basically act as guidelines on how to live a meaningful and purposeful life. They serve as a prescription for moral and ethical conduct and self-discipline; they direct attention toward one's health; and they help us to acknowledge the spiritual aspects of our nature.
　　在帕坦伽利的《瑜伽经》中，八个分支被称为阿斯汤加，字面意思是“八肢”。这八个步骤基本上是如何过有意义、有目的的生活的指南。它们是道德和理行为以及自律的指示；它们直接地关注一个人的健康；它们帮助我们认识到我们天性中的精神层面。
　　1.Yama
　　制戒
　　The first limb, yama, deals with one's ethical standards and sense of integrity, focusing on our behavior and how we conduct ourselves in life. Yamas are universal practices that relate best to what we know as the Golden Rule, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you."
　　The five yamas are:
　　Ahimsa: nonviolence
　　Satya: truthfulness
　　Asteya: nonstealing
　　Brahmacharya: continence
　　Aparigraha: noncovetousness
　　一、分支：制戒，涉及一个人的道德准则和正直感，关注我们的行为以及我们如何在生活在引导自己。“制戒”是与我们所知的金玉良言“己所不欲，勿施于人”相关的普遍做法。
　　制戒包括：Ahimsa（非暴力），Satya（不说谎），Asteya（不偷盗），Brahmacharya（节制），Aparigraha（不贪婪）。
　　2.Niyama
　　内制
　　Niyama, the second limb, has to do with self-discipline and spiritual observances. Regularly attending temple or church services, saying grace before meals, developing your own personal meditation practices, or making a habit of taking contemplative walks alone are all examples of niyamas in practice.
　　The five niyamas are:
　　Saucha: cleanliness
　　Samtosa: contentment
　　Tapas: heat; spiritual austerities
　　Svadhyaya: study of the sacred scriptures and of one's self
　　Isvara pranidhana: surrender to God
　　内制，是第二分支，与自律和精神上的仪式有关。经常去寺庙或教堂做礼拜，饭前祷告，发展自己的个人冥想练习，或者养成独自散步沉思的习惯，这些都是实践中的内制的例子。
　　内制包括：Saucha（纯净）；Samtosa（满足）；Tapas（热情或苦行）；Svadhyaya（自我研习）；Isvara pranidhana（敬奉神）。
　　3.Asana
　　体式
　　Asanas, the postures practiced in yoga, comprise the third limb. In the yogic view, the body is a temple of spirit, the care of which is an important stage of our spiritual growth. Through the practice of asanas, we develop the habit of discipline and the ability to concentrate, both of which are necessary for meditation.
　　体式，是瑜伽练习的姿势，在第三分支。在瑜伽的观点中，身体是精神的庙宇，对它的照顾是我们灵性成长的重要阶段。通过练习体式，我们培养了自律的习惯和专注的能力，这两者都是冥想所必需的。
　　4.Pranayama
　　调息
　　Generally translated as breath control, this fourth stage consists of techniques designed to gain mastery over the respiratory process while recognizing the connection between the breath, the mind, and the emotions. As implied by the literal translation of pranayama, "life force extension," yogis believe that it not only rejuvenates the body but actually extends life itself. You can practice pranayama as an isolated technique (i.e., simply sitting and performing a number of breathing exercises), or integrate it into your daily hatha yoga routine.
　　通常翻译为呼吸控制，此第四个阶段包括一些技巧，旨在掌握呼吸过程，同时认识到呼吸、精神和情绪之间的联系。正如调息法的直译“生命力的延长”所暗示的，瑜伽修行者相信它不仅能使身体恢复活力，实际上还能延长寿命。你可以单独练习调息法（比如：简单地坐着，做一些呼吸练习），或者把它融入到你每天的哈他瑜伽练习中。
　　These first four stages of Patanjali's ashtanga yoga concentrate on refining our personalities, gaining mastery over the body, and developing an energetic awareness of ourselves, all of which prepares us for the second half of this journey, which deals with the senses, the mind, and attaining a higher state of consciousness.
　　帕坦伽利的八支瑜伽的前四个阶段的瑜伽练习专注于改善我们的个性，获得掌控自己身体的能力，培养一种积极的自我意识，所有这些都为我们的后半段旅程做了准备，这段旅程涉及感官、心智，并达到更高的意识状态。
　　5.Pratyahara
　　制感
　　Pratyahara, the fifth limb, means withdrawal or sensory transcendence. It is during this stage that we make the conscious effort to draw our awareness away from the external world and outside stimuli.Keenly aware of, yet cultivating a detachment from, our senses, we direct our attention internally. The practice of pratyahara provides us with an opportunity to step back and take a look at ourselves. This withdrawal allows us to objectively observe our cravings: habits that are perhaps detrimental to our health and which likely interfere with our inner growth.
　　制感，是第五分支，意思是屏息诸缘，摄感于内。正是在这个阶段，我们有意识地努力把我们的意识从外部世界和外部刺激中拉出来。我们敏锐地意识到，但同时也在培养一种脱离我们感官的能力，我们把我们的注意力转向内在。制感的练习为我们提供了一个退一步审视自己的机会。这种收摄让我们能够客观地观察我们的渴望：这些习惯可能有害于我们的健康，可能会干扰我们的内在成长。
　　6.Dharana
　　专注
　　As each stage prepares us for the next, the practice of pratyahara creates the setting for dharana, or concentration. Having relieved ourselves of outside distractions, we can now deal with the distractions of the mind itself. No easy task! In the practice of concentration, which precedes meditation, we learn how to slow down the thinking process by concentrating on a single mental object: a specific energetic center in the body, an image of a deity, or the silent repetition of a sound. We, of course, have already begun to develop our powers of concentration in the previous three stages of posture, breath control, and withdrawal of the senses. In asana and pranayama, although we pay attention to our actions, our attention travels. Our focus constantly shifts as we fine-tune the many nuances of any particular posture or breathing technique. In pratyahara we become self-observant; now, in dharana, we focus our attention on a single point. Extended periods of concentration naturally lead to meditation.
　　每一个阶段都在为下一个阶段做准备，制感的练习为执持或专注创造了条件。从外界的干扰中解脱出来后，我们现在可以处理精神本身的干扰。不是一件容易的事！在冥想之前的专注练习中，我们学会了如何通过专注于一个单一的精神对象来放慢思考过程：身体中一个特定的能量中心，一个神的形象，或者一个声音的无声重复。当然，我们已经开始在前三个阶段的体式、呼吸控制和感官收摄中发展我们的专注力。在体式和调息法中，虽然我们关注我们的行为，但我们的注意力在移动。当我们微调任何特定姿势或呼吸技巧的许多细微差别时，我们的注意力不断转移。在制感中，我们变得善于自我观察；现在，在专注里，我们把注意力集中在一点上，长时间的专注自然会通向冥想。
　　7.Dhyana
　　冥想
　　Meditation or contemplation, the seventh stage of ashtanga, is the uninterrupted flow of concentration. Although concentration (dharana) and meditation (dhyana) may appear to be one and the same, a fine line of distinction exists between these two stages.Where dharana practices one-pointed attention, dhyana is ultimately a state of being keenly aware without focus. At this stage, the mind has been quieted, and in the stillness it produces few or no thoughts at all. The strength and stamina it takes to reach this state of stillness is quite impressive. But don't give up. While this may seem a difficult if not impossible task, remember that yoga is a process. Even though we may not attain the "picture perfect" pose, or the ideal state of consciousness, we benefit at every stage of our progress.
　　冥想，是阿斯汤加的第七分支，是不间断的专注流。虽然专注（执持）和冥想（禅定）可能看起来是同一种东西，但在这两个阶段之间存在着细微的区别。dharana （执持）专注于一点，dhyana （冥想）还是是一种没有焦点的敏锐觉知的状态。在这个阶段，心已经安静下来，在这种安静中，它产生很少或根本不产生思想。达到这种静止状态所需要的力量和耐力令人印象深刻。但是不要放弃，虽然这似乎是困难的，但不是不可能的任务，记住，瑜伽是一个过程。即使我们不能达到完美的或理想的意识状态，但我们在前行的每一个阶段都受益。

　　8.Samadhi
　　三摩地
　　Patanjali describes this eighth and final stage of ashtanga, samadhi, as a state of ecstasy. At this stage, the meditator merges with his or her point of focus and transcends the Self altogether. The meditator comes to realize a profound connection to the Divine, an interconnectedness with all living things. With this realization comes the "peace that passeth all understanding"; the experience of bliss and being at >—enlightenment—can neither be bought nor possessed. It can only be experienced, the price of which is the continual devotion of the aspirant.
　　帕坦伽利将阿斯汤加的这第八阶段，也就是之后阶段，描述为一种入定的状态。在这个阶段，冥想者与他或她的专注点融合，并完全超越自我。冥想者开始意识到与神的深刻联系，与所有生物的内在联系。有了这种认识，就有了“超越一切理解的和平”；极乐的体验，与宇宙合一。从表面上看，这似乎是一个相当崇高的、“比你更神圣”的目标。然而，如果我们停下来审视我们真正想从生活中得到什么，难道快乐、满足和自由不会以某种方式进入我们的希望、愿望和渴望清单吗？帕坦伽利所描述的瑜伽道路的完成，是所有人类内心深处所渴望的：平静。我们也可以考虑这样一个事实，即瑜伽开悟的阶段既不能买到，也不能拥有。它只能被体验，而它的代价是有志之士的持续奉献。