考研英语一模拟真题及答案 考研初试

　　下面小编跟大家一起了解考研英语二模拟真题及答案分享，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
　　Directions:
　　Read thefollowing text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
　　Thoughnot biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharingabout 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University ofCalifornia and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences, has__(2)_.
　　The studyis a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which__(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people wereused in both_(5)_.
　　While 1%may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor ofmedical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_theirfourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_ourkin.”
　　Thestudy_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends butnot genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficultto explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similarenvironments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms workingtogether that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functionalKinship” of being friends with_(14)_!
　　One of theremarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to beevolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why humanevolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being amajor_(17)_factor.
　　Thefindings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those ofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects weredrawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that allsubjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.
　　1. [A]when [B] why [C] how [D] what
　　2. [A]defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
　　3. [A]for [B] with [C] on [D] by
　　4. [A]compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
　　5. [A]tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples
　　6. [A]insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible
　　7. [A]visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
　　8. [A]resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
　　9. [A]again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
　　10. [A]Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
　　11. [A]about [B] to [C]from [D]like
　　12. [A]drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit
　　13. [A]according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with
　　14. [A]chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits
　　15. [A]later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier
　　16.[A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express
　　17. [A]unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive
　　18. [A]endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency
　　19. [A]political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic
　　20. [A]see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell
　　SectionII Reading Comprehension
　　Part A
　　Directions:
　　Read thefollowing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, Cor D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
　　Text 1
　　King JuanCarlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in therecent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, doesthe Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does thatmean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificentuniforms and majestic lifestyle?
　　TheSpanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinionis particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime,monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of nationalunity.
　　It isthis apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuingpopularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the mostmonarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting VaticanCity and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf andAsia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid thedifficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.
　　Even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity asthey claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time whenThomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and theincreasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocraticfamilies should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.
　　The mostsuccessful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (orhelicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with theinternational 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult tomaintain the right image.
　　WhileEurope’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time tocome, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.
　　It isonly the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her ratherordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, whohas both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of theworld. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survivedbecause they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political headsof state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, notrepublicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.

　　21.According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain
　　[A] usedturn enjoy high public support
　　[B] wasunpopular among European royals
　　[C] casedhis relationship with his rivals
　　[D]endedhis reign in embarrassment
　　22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly
　　[A] owingto their undoubted and respectable status
　　[B] toachieve a balance between tradition and reality
　　[C] togive voter more public figures to look up to
　　[D]due totheir everlasting political embodiment
　　23. Whichof the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?
　　[A]Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth
　　[B] Therole of the nobility in modern democracies
　　[C] Thesimple lifestyle of the aristocratic families
　　[D]Thenobility’s adherence to their privileges
　　24. TheBritish royals “have most to fear” because Charles
　　[A] takesa rough line on political issues
　　[B] failsto change his lifestyle as advised
　　[C] takesrepublicans as his potential allies
　　[D] failsto adapt himself to his future role
　　25. Whichof the following is the best title of the text?
　　[A]Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined
　　[B]Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
　　[C]Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs
　　[D]Charles,Slow to React to the Coming Threats
　　Text 2
　　Just howmuch does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court willnow consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without awarrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
　　Californiahas asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one thatupsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessionsof suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, forjudges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
　　The courtwould be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of theimplications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and shouldprovide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
　　Theyshould start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring thecontents of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — issimilar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled thatpolice don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet orpocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone ismore like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’sreading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive recordsof recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, hasmade that exploration so much the easier.
　　Americansshould take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitiveinformation on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life.Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private andprotected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
　　As sooften is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge ofline-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities toobtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidateFourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and theycould take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased oraltered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow roomfor police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.
　　But thejustices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptivetechnology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’sprotections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion andaccessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishmentof automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices hadto specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then;they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.