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学位英语备考之情态动词解析

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2019年12月11日 19:20:46

下面小编总结了关于学位英语备考之情态动词解析,分享给大家,情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与动词原形一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。

  下面小编总结了关于学位英语备考之情态动词解析,分享给大家,情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与动词原形一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。
  考点一:情态动词在陈述句中的用法
  1. can ⑴ 表示能力,一般译为“能、会”,尤其指生来具备的能力。 如: She can swim fast, but I can’t .⑵ 表示许可,常在口语中。 如: You can use my dictionary.⑶ 表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can’t译为“不可能”。 如: —Can the news be true? —No, it can’t be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.
  2. could ⑴ can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。 如: He could write poems when he was 10.⑵ could在疑问句中,表示委婉请求的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思。 如:Could you do me a favour?—Could I use your pen? —Yes, you can.(注意回答)
  3. may ⑴ 表示请求、许可,比can正式, 如: May I borrow your bike? You may go home now.⑵ 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中。 如: It may rain tomorrow . She may be at home.⑶ may的过去式为 might。 might 也可以表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)。 如: He is away from school. He might be sick.⑷ 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。 通常是用may 主 V 如: May you have a good time. May you be happy! May you succeed!
  4. must ⑴ must 表示主观看法,意为“必须”。 如: You must stay here until I come back. Must I hand in my homework right now?⑵ 对must引导的疑问句,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to . 如: —Must I finish my homework? —No, you needn’t.⑶ must也可以表示有把握的推测,意为“ 一定,肯定”,用于肯定句。 如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.⑷ 其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止,不许”。 如: You mustn’t play with fire. You mustn’t be late.注意其反意问句的构成形式: 当must表示肯定的判断、推测时,其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。 如: She must have seen the film before,hasn’tshe?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分) You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday,didn’t you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)
  5. need ⑴ need表示需要,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,意为“不必”。 用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to。 如: —Need I stay here any longer? —Yes, you must . —No. you needn’t /don’t have to.need还可以作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。 如: I need to do it right now.如果是物作主语,一般用need doing与need to be done,这种情况下应注意两点: ① 主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义; ② 该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。 例如: . The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted
  6. dare dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need,有两种词性: ⑴ dare作为情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,无第三人称单数形式,只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 如: Dare he tell them what he knows? I daren’t ask her. Will you do it for me?⑵ dare作为实义动词,此时有人称、数及时态的变化。 如: He doesn’t dare to break his promise.注意: 口语中,dare的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用。 如: Do you dare tell her what I said?
  7. shall shall表示征求对方意见(多用于一三人称) 如: Shall we go out for a walk? Shall the driver wait outside?
  8. should ⑴ should 意为“应该”,可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。 如: We should protect the environment.⑵ Should have done 意为”本应该做某事而没做“,表示对过去动作的责备、批评。 如: You should have finished your homework.
  9. willwill 表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。 如: I will help you if I’m free this afternoon.
  10. had better had better 意为“好”,没有人称的变化,后面接不带to的不定式,其否定形式为: had better not。 如: We had better go now.考点二: 情态动词的被动语态
  含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为: 情态动词 be done (动词的过去分词)。 做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。
  1. Jean have kept his promise. I wonder why hechanged his idea. A. must B. should C.need D. would 解析:选 B. “should have 过去分词” 表示“过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”; keep one’s promise 意为“信守诺言”。
  2. Jane have come to the party, but she not find the exact time. A. could; could B. might; could C. should; could D. should; would 解析:选 A.“ could have 过去分词表示过去本来应该(但没能)做某事”。
  3. So many mistakes in yourhomework! You more careful. A. may be B. had to C. would be D.should have been 解析:选 D. “You should have been morecareful”. 意为:你本来应该更细心的。
  4.Her brother be athome now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D.shouldn't 解析:选 C. can’t be at home 意为:不可能在家。
  5.---I can’t understand why our boss is late. ---Hethe early bus. A. could miss B. may have missed C. can have missed D. might miss 解析:选 B. “may have 过去分词”表示对过去动作的判断,意为:可能做了某事。注意:can表示可能时,只能用于疑问句和反问句。
  6. She didn't answer thephone, she ______ asleep. A. may be B. must be C. should have been D.must have been 解析:选 D. 表示:对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。
  7.The little girl’s eyes were red. She ______. A. may cry B. must cry C. must be cried D.must have been crying 解析:选 D. 意为:她刚才肯定一直在哭。对过去某事正发生的推测。
  8.He______ his supper now, for the dining hall is still closed. A. can’t be having B. needn’t be having C. mustn’t be having D. shouldn't be having 解析:选 A. 对现在正在发生的事情的否定推测。
  9.I parked my bike behind the building, but now it is gone. It________ . A. may be stolen B. must be stolen C. must have been stolen D. must have stolen 解析:选 C. 对过去发生的事情的肯定推测的被动式。
  10. ______ Mr. Black_______goto work by before the bridge was built? A. Did; used to B. Use; to C. Did; use to D.Does; use to 解析:选 C. used to do的疑问式,可以是Used 主语 to do ?或Did 主语 use to do?
  11. The hotel is only astone’s throw away, you ______ take a bus. A. need not to B. not need to C. don't need D. need not 解析:选 D. 说话人认为不必要乘车, need 为情态动词。
  12. I am busy now, _______ mybrother do it for you ? A. Will B. Shall C.Must D. May 解析:选 B. 在疑问句中shall 用于第三人称,也表示征求意见。
  13. ---You needn’t do it rightnow, need you? ---Yes I am afraid I ______ . A. need B. needn’t C.must D. mustn’t 解析:选 C. Yes的意思是:不。意为:恐怕我必须现在就做。
  14.My English-Chinesedictionary has disappeared . Who _____ have taken it? A. should B. must C.could D. would 解析:选 C. could/can have done 用于否定推测和疑问推测。

  15. ---The room is sodirty._______ we clean it? ----Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 解析:选 B. shall 用在疑问句中,常用于一,三人称,表示征求意见或请求指示。
  16. If you have somethingimportant to do, you ______ waste any time. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D.won’t 解析:选 B. 根据句意用mustn’t
  17. If you want to borrow afootball after school, your student card______ here. A. has to leave B. must leave C. has to be left D.must be left 解析:选 C. have to 表示客观需要,must表示主观需要。学生证必须放在此是客观需要。
  18. “ Did you scold him forhis carelessness?” “Yes, but _____ it” A. I’d rather not do B. I’d rather not have done C. I shouldn’t do D. I’d better not do 解析:选 B. would rather 加完成时表示对完成了的或过去了的事情的态度。意为:当时是不情愿做的。
  19. “ Don’t get near to it .It is too dangerous!” “_______” . A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I don’t C. No, I can’t D. No, I won’t 解析:选 D. A为错误的表达方式;B和C没有直接回答对方的问候。 20. He must be in theclassroom, _______ he? A. mustn’t B. can’t C. isn’t D.can 解析:选 C. 对表否定的must进行反意疑问时,要用句子的实义动词。

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