2018年学位英语阅读理解练习题详解

　　Urbanization---migration away from the suburbs to the city center---will be the biggest real estate trend in 2015, according to a new report.
　　The report says America’s urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-oriented development making cities like New York and San Francisco so successful.
　　As smaller cities copy the model of these “24-hour cities, ”more affordable versions of these places will be created. The report refers to this as the coming of the “18-hour city, ”and uses the term to refer to cities like Houston, Austin, Charlotte and Nashville. which are “positioning themselves as highly competitive, in terms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural facilities.”
　　Another trend that looks significant in 2015 is that America’s largest population group, Millennial (千禧一代)，will continue to put off buying a house.Apartments will retain their appeal for a while for Millennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.
　　This trend will continue into the 2020s, the report projects. After that, survey respondents disagree over whether his generation will follow in their parents’footsteps, moving to the suburbs to raise families, or will choose to remain in the city center.
　　Another issue affecting real estate in the coming year will be America’s failing infrastructure. Most roads, bridges, transit, water systems, the electric grid, and communications networks were installed 50 to 100 years ago, and they are largely taken for granted until they fail.
　　The report’s writers state that America’s failure to invest in infrastructure impacts not only the health of the real-estate market, but also our ability to remain globally competitive.
　　Apart from the specific trends highlighted above, which cause some investors to worry, the report portrays an overall optimism borne by the recent healthy real-estate "upcycle" and improving economy. Seventy-four percent of the respondents surveyed report a " good to excellent expectation of real-estate profitability in 2015. While
　　excessive optimism can promote bad investment patterns, resulting in a real-estate “bubble”, the reports writers downplay that potential outcome in that it has not yet occurred.
　　1. According to the new report, real estate development in 2015 will witness________.
　　A. an accelerating speed
　　B . a shift to city centers
　　C. a new focus on small cities
　　D. an ever- increasing demand
　　2. What characterizes "24-hour cities" like New York
　　A. People can live without private cars.
　　B. People are generally more competitive.
　　C. People can enjoy services around the clock.
　　D. People are in harmony with the environment.
　　3. Why are Millennials reluctant to buy a house
　　A. They can only afford small apartments.
　　B.The house prices are currently too high.
　　C. Their parents' bad experience still haunts them.
　　D. They feel attached to the suburban environment.
　　4. What might hinder real estate development in the U.S.
　　A.The continuing economic recession in the country.
　　B.The lack of confidence on the part of investors.
　　C.The fierce global competition.
　　D.The worsening infrastructure.
　　5. How do most of the respondents in the survey feel about the U.S. real-estate market in 2015
　　A. Pessimistic.
　　B. Hopeful.
　　C. Cautious
　　D. Uncertain.

　　参考译文：
　　一份新的报告称，城市化----从郊区城市中心迁徙，将会是2015年房地产最大的趋势。
　　报告称，美国的城市化将依然是影响美国工业最重要的问题，因为全国各地的城市都在模仿使纽约和旧金山等城市如此成功的可步行性发展和以交通运输系统为导向的发展。
　　随着小域市争相模仿“24小时城市”的城市风格，适合这些小城市的更加经济可行的城市风格将会被打造出来。报告将其称为“18小时城市”的到来，并用“18小时城市”这一称谓指代如休斯顿、奥斯汀、夏洛特和纳什维尔等城市，这些城市“认为自己在宜居性、所能提供的就业机会、娱乐和文化设方面都非常
　　具有竞争力”。
　　2015年另一个看起来非常重要的趋势是，美国最庞大的人口群体---千禧一代，将会继续推迟买房时间。对于千禧一代来说，由于发生在他们拥有住房的父母身上的事情一直烦找扰他们，所以租住公寓在一段时间之内仍将对他们具有吸引力。
　　据报告估计，这一趋势会一直持续到21世紀20年代。在那之后，调研对象对于千禧一代是会追随其父的脚步，搬到到郊区去供养家庭，还是会选择仍然留在市中心，持不同意见。
　　在明年，另外一个影响房地产业的问题将会是美国正在破败的基础设施。大部分的公路、桥梁、交通运榆系、水利系、输电网络和通信网络都是在50至100年前建成的，一般来说，这些基础设施在出故障之前都不被当回事。
　　报告作者指出，美国能在基础设施方面投入资金不但会影响房地产市场的健康发展，还会影响美国能否在全球范国内保持竟争力。
　　除了上面强调的导致一些投资者担心的具体趁势之外，报告描述称，由于最近一段时间房地产业健康的“改造升级”以及正在改善的经济，从整体上来说房地产业还是乐观的。据报告称，74％的调查对象认为2015年地产业的盈利前景是在“好与非常好之间”。虽然过于乐观会助长不良的投资模式，导致房地产“泡沫”，但由于它还没有出现，报告的作者对潜在结果未予重視。
　　1.B
　　解析：文章第一段只有一句话，这句话指出，一份新的报告称，城市化---从郊区向城市中心迁徙，将会是2015年房地产业最大的趋势。如果人们从郊区向城市中心迁徒，必然意味着房地产业发展向城市中心转变，故本题选B。
　　2.C
　　解析：文章中“24 hour cities和 New York分别出现在第三段和第二段。第二段的后半句提到的纽约市的特点，该句指出，可步行性发展和以交通运输系为导向的发展使旧金山非常成功。交通运输系统的发展使这些城市的人们可以24小时享受便捷的交通，故本题选C。
　　3.C
　　解析：第四段第二句提到，对于千禧一代来说，由于发生在他们拥有住房的父母身上的事情一直烦扰着他们，所以住公寓在一段时间之内仍将对他们具有吸引力，也就是说，千禧一代的父母在买房方面不好的经历烦扰着他们，所以他们才不愿意买房，故本题选C。
　　4.D
　　解析：第六段第一句指出：“在明年，另外一个影响房地产业的问题将会是美国正在破败的基础设施。” 第七段也进一步指出，美国未能在基础设施方面投入资全不但会影响房地产市场的健康发展………由此可知，越来越破败的基础设施会阻碍房地产业的发展，故本题选D。
　　5.B
　　解析：最后一段第二句指出，74％的调查对象认为2015年房地产业的盈利前景是在“好与非常好之间”，也就是说大部分被调查者对2015年的美国房地产市场是充满希望的，故本题选B。