18年学位英语阅读练习的疑问与讲解

　　功能介绍 大学英语课程资源推送
　　One of the key challenges in urban architecture over the next 50 years will be figuring out how to squeeze vast numbers of additional people into urban areas that are already extremely crowded. London. for example, will somehow have to deal with a projected 100, 000 extra inhabitants every year until 2016. The current plan of building new “satellite towns” of the city causes a lot of problems---but architecture think tanks are working on ambitious solutions that go vertical instead of horizontal in search of space.
　　In terms of population density, London is one of the least crowded major cities in the world- four times fewer people per square kilometer than Paris, for example, six times fewer than New York and eight times fewer than Cairo. But the fact remains that the city’s population is growing at a rapid rate, and horizontal expansion into the surrounding areas is eating up increasingly important agricultural land, as well as worsening all the transport problems that come with urban growth.
　　Popular Architecture would propose a radically different solution. The proposal is to go upwards, with vertical towers of considerable size, each representing an entire new town by the time it’s completed. Each tower would be 1500 meters high. Beyond mere accommodation, each tower would function as an entire town unit, with its own schools, hospitals, parks and gardens, sports facilities, business areas and community spaces. The population density of such a tower could help lower the individual energy requirements of each inhabitant, reducing the ecological impact of the population as a whole.
　　The village towers are considered as hollow tubes, with large holes to allow light and air through the entire construction. Occasional floor discs spread throughout the height of the building will give inhabitants large central areas in the middle of the tube to use as gathering spaces
　　While the building itself is unlikely ever to be seriously considered for construction--- imagine the number of elevators it would need, let alone the safety implications of open areas at such heights and with such wind exposure--- the concept can serve as a conversation-starter for urban planners looking to face the challenges of the current and coming centuries.
　　1. One key challenging task for urban architects in future is to_________.
　　A. build new satellite towns
　　B. work out ambitious plans
　　C. Design less crowded cities
　　D. accommodate more inhabitants
　　2. Which of the following cites has the largest population density？
　　A. Cairo
　　B. Paris.
　　C. London
　　D. New York.
　　3. Horizontal expansion not only wastes land, but makes it hard for London to ________.
　　A. handle its safety problems
　　B. resolve its transport issues
　　C. control its population growth
　　D. measure its population density
　　4. The vertical tower would represent an entire new town in itself because __________.
　　A. it is energy-saving
　　B. it is cost-effective
　　C. it is self-sufficient
　　D. it is comfort-oriented
　　5. For city planners today, the idea of building a vertical tower can become________.
　　A. a topic for fun
　　B. a shocking reality
　　C. a modest proposal
　　D. a source of inspiration
　　参考译文
　　在来来50年里，域市建筑的主要挑战之一将会是如何在已经极度拥挤的都市塞下更多的人。例如，到2016年，伦教将应对每年预计増加的10万居民。日前建造“卫星镇”的计划带来了很多问题，但是建筑学智库致力于从垂直而不是水平方向去寻找空间。
　　根据人口密度，伦敦是世界上最不拥挤的大城市之一，它每平方公里的人口数比巴黎低四倍，比纽约低六倍，比开罗低八倍。但是，城市的人口仍在迅速增长，向周圆地区的拓展加剧了城市扩张带来的交通问题，也在吞噬重要的耕地。
　　流行建筑提出了完全不同的解决方法一一向上延伸的垂直塔建筑。巨大的垂直塔完工后代表一个完整的新城镇，每个塔高1500米。除了基本的居住功能，每个塔还将作为一个完整的城镇，内设学校、医院、公园和花园、运动设施、商务中心以及社区空间。这种塔型建筑的人口密度会帮助减少居住者的个人能源需求，减轻整体人口对生态的影响。
　　这种塔型建筑就像中空管，整个建筑体内有许多大的开孔，能够透出光绒和帮助空气流通。偶尔的楼层圆盘造型分布在高楼上，会给居民更大的中心空间，方便他们聚在一起。
　　当建筑物本身不再被传统意义地作建造所用，想象一下它所需的电梯数量，更不用说在这等高度和风向下的开放区城存在的安全隐患问题。不过这个设想可以作为城市规划者面对目前或未来挑战时的开场白。
　　1．D
　　【精析】细节题。文中第一段第一句提到“ One of the key challenges in urban architecture over the next 50 years will be figuring out how to squeeze vast numbers of additional people into urban areas that are already extremely crowded．”在未来50年里，城市建筑的主要挑战之一将会是如何在已经极度拥挤的都市塞下更多的人。由此可知，未来城市建筑的主要挑战之一是容纳更多的居民，故选D。
　　2．A
　　【精析】推理题。文中第二段第一句提到“ In terms of population density, London is one the least crowded major cities in the world...and eight times fewer than Cairo．”根据人口密度，伦敦是世界上最不拥挤的大城市之一，它每平方公里的人口数比巴黎低四倍，比纽约低六倍，比开罗低八倍。由此可知，开罗的人口密度是最大的，故选A
　　3．B
　　【精析】细节题。文中第二段第二句提到“ But the fact remains that the city’s population is growing. as well as worsening all the transport problems that come with urban growth．”但是，城市的人口仍在迅速增长，向周围地区的拓展加剧了城市扩张带来的交通问题，也在春重要的排地。由此可知，水平空间的拓展不仅浪费土地还会造成交通问题，故选B。
　　4．C
　　【精析】推理题。文中第三段倒数第二句提到“ Beyond mere accommodation, each tower would function as an entire... with its own schools, hospitals, parks...business areas and community spaces. ”每个塔还将作为一个完整的城镇是因为它内部还设有学校、医院、公园...商务中心及社区空间等，这些使得这个城镇生活所需都可以自给自足。故选C。
　　5．D
　　【精析】推理题。从文中最后一段可知，目前这种垂直塔型建筑还有很多问题，比如说，所需电梯数量多，存在安全隐患等等，但是可以作为设计者的一个灵感的来源，故选D。