考研英语阅读真题分享

　　如今随着整形业的发展，美不再是天生的，人人都可以拥有“明星般的微笑”。只是，在千篇一律的微笑背后，又有多少热忱和真情呢？今天小编给大家带来了关于考研英语的文章分享，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
　　Advances incosmeticdentistry and plastic surgeryhave made it possible to correct facial birth defects, repair damaged teeth and tissue, and prevent or greatly delay the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. As a result, more people smile more often and more openly today than ever in the past, and we can expect more smiles in the future.
　　口腔医学美容学和整形手术的发展使得先天的面部缺陷和后天的牙齿及组织损伤得以矫正和修复，使得牙齿蛀蚀和牙周疾病得以预防和延缓。因此，越来越多的人开口笑的比过去更频繁了。未来，我们将看到越来越多的微笑。
　　Cosmetic: adj.整容的。e.g.cosmetic surgery 整容外科；
　　cosmetic dental work牙齿整形
　　Plastic surgery:整形手术。［plastic来自希腊语“plastikos 【医】可塑的”表示通过手术可以对面容进行重新塑造，与plastic塑料无关。］
　　Evidence of the smile’s ascentmay be seen in famous paintings in museums and galleries throughout the world. The vast majority of prosperous bigwigs, voluptuous nudes, or middle-class family members in formal portraits and domestic scenes appear to have their mouths firmly closed. Soldiers in battle, children at play, beggars, old people, and especially villains may have their mouths open; but their smiles are seldom attractive, and more often suggest strain or violence than joy.
　　我们可以从全世界博物馆和美术馆的著名油画中追溯到微笑的进化。绝大多数画作，无论是描绘严肃的肖像还是家庭情景，无论是有头有脸的大人物，是纸醉金迷的裸体还是中产阶级家庭的普通一员，他们的嘴都紧闭着。有的画作中主人公的嘴是张着的，比如鏖战的士兵、玩耍的儿童、乞丐和老人，尤其是恶棍；但是他们的微笑并没有吸引力，常常暗示着痛苦和暴力而不是欢乐。
　　Ascent n. 前进；提高；进步
　　e.g. man’s ascent to civilization 人类向文明的进化
　　词根：-scent=climb,表示“爬，攀”
　　 ascent=a scent：攀登，上升
　　descent=de(向下） scent:下降，降下
　　Smiles convey a wide range of meanings in different eras and cultures, says art historian Angus Trumble, currently curator of Yale University’s Center for British Art, in his book A Brief History of the Smile. Compare, for instance, the varying impressions made by shy dimples of Leonardo’s Mona Lisa; the rosy-cheeked, mustachioed Laughing Cavalier of Frans Hals; and the “Smiley Face” logo perfected (though not invented) in 1963 by American graphic artist Harvey R. Ball.
　　在《微笑简史》一书中，作者艺术史学家，耶鲁大学不列颠艺术中心馆长安格斯·特朗博（Angus Trumble）认为微笑在不同的时代和文化中传达着广泛的含义。例如，莱奥纳多画笔下的《蒙娜丽莎》有着羞涩的酒窝，法国弗兰斯·哈尔斯(Frans Hals)描绘的《笑容骑士》，玫瑰色的笑脸上蓄着大鬈曲八字胡，而1963年美国平面艺术家哈维·r·波尔(Harvey r.ball)设计的笑脸图标已经深入人心。
　　In some non-Western cultures, Trumble notes, even a warm, open smile does not necessarily indicate pleasure or agreement. It can simply be a polite mask to cover emotions considered too rude or shocking to be openly displayed.
　　特朗博注意到，在一些非西方文化中，即使是一个温暖的大笑的笑脸也并不一定表达着欢乐或赞同。它可以仅仅表达一种礼貌以免显得粗鲁。
　　Subtle differences in muscle movement can convey enormous differences in emotion, from the tranquility of bronze Buddhas, to the erotic bliss of couples entwined in stone on Hindu temples, to the fierce smirk of a guardian demon at the entrance to a Chinese tomb.
　　青铜佛的静谧的微笑，印度教神庙的石刻情侣的欢愉，以及陵墓入口处守护神兽的狰狞的笑容，仅仅是肌肉运动的微妙差异却表达出了天差地别的情感。
　　Trumble expects the impact of Western medicine and mass media to further increase the pressure on people to grin broadly and laugh openly in public. “Faint smiles are increasingly thought of in scientific and psychological circles as something that falls short of the true smile,” and therefore suggest insincerity of lack of enthusiasm, he says.
　　特朗博期待西方医学和大众媒体进一步向人们施加压力，使得人们在公共场合越来越“开怀大笑”。“从科学和心理学的观点出发，隐隐的微笑越来越被认为是一种假笑，”因此也就被视为一种缺乏诚意和热情的表现。

　　With tattooing, body piercing, and permanent cosmetics already well established as fashion trends, one can imagine tomorrow’s beauty shops adding plastic surgeons and dentists to their staffs. These corner-store cosmeticians would offer style makeovers to reshape our lips, teeth, and jawlines to mimic the signature smile of one’s favorite celebrity.
　　如今，文身、在身体上打眼儿和永久性纹绣已经成为了一种时尚，不难想象，未来的美容店工作人员也许会包括整形外科医生和牙医。这些街角美容师也许会提供不同风格的唇部，牙齿和下颌轮廓的整形，这样就可以模仿他们偶像的标志性微笑了。
　　What can you say to that except “Have a nice day?”
　　面对这样的微笑，除了回应一句“吃好玩好”之类的客套话，我们还能说些什么呢？
　　经典例题
　　Had it not been for cosmetic advances, as inferred from the passage, _ A. people would not have been as happy as they are today B. the rate of facial birth defect would not have declined C. there would not have been many more open smiles D. we would not have seen smiling faces in public2
　　题型定位
　　细节理解题3
　　解题思路
　　准确定位 选项排除。根据题干“cosmetic advances”这一关键词定位到全文首段。在对首段大意的理解上，再对每个选项逐一分析排除，找到其不符文意的错误。4
　　选项分析
　　A选项，作者并没有提到人们是否开心的问题，选项中的“happy”不能替代原文中的“smile”;B选项，原文中提及的是出生面部缺陷的修复问题而没有涉及出生面部缺陷的发生率；D选项，不符合逻辑的表达。