雅思阅读Global Warming in New Zealand真题讲解

　　原文聚焦
　　New Zealand is expected to be warm by 3℃ over the next century. The northern polar regions will be more than 6℃ warmer, while the large continents also the largest centres of poplulation-will be 4 or more warmer. In contrast, the Southern Ocean , which surrounds New Zealand, may warm by 2. The sea will act as an air conditioner and in this aspect, New Zealand’s Location is comparatively fortunate.
　　名师精讲
　　选择题其实是相对较难的题型，主要考查句子理解，有时会考查到整个段落主旨的把握。比如第一题:
　　What’s the main idea of the first paragraph?
　　A . The air condition in New Zealand willl maintain a high quality because of the ocean.
　　B . The Southern Ocean will remain at a constant strength
　　C . the continent will warm more than the point
　　D . New Zealand will not warm as much as other countries in the next century because it is surrounded by sea.
　　对于主旨要把握好什么？除了首尾还有逻辑。段落中间by contrast是对比，也就是某种程度上想去给你强调的内容。所以要把握好它后面的句子。
　　the Southern Ocean , which surrounds New Zealand, may warm by 2. The sea will act as an air conditioner and in this aspect, New Zealand’s Location is comparatively fortunate,
　　就是说海就像是空调一样，新西兰的地理位置是相对幸运的。
　　还有everybody一定要记住，选择题的正确答案一定是原文某句话的同义替换或者概括。选择题的答案一定是有根有据的，不是凭感觉或者凭个别单词。要学会去关注段落的重点内容。在做题的时候就要把握好题干说的而是什么，要问什么。
　　选项中A主要是为了完全没有太多语法概念的学生准备的，因为空调并不是整段的主题。B是未提及，主要是干扰我们的视线，C 并没有出现比较。只有D选项 说明了温度跟海水的关系。
　　对于选择题大家会觉得非常吃力，是因为大多数都是受句子的影响。要做到及时精读，这样大家是一定会有进步的。总结有时候比做题更重要。一美老师祝大家早日跟雅思说拜拜~
　　全文再现
　　Global Warming in New Zealand
　　For many environmentalists, the world seems to be getting warmer. As the nearest country of South Polar Region, New Zealand has maintained an upward trend in its average temperature in the past few years. However, the temperature in New Zealand will go up 40C in the next century while the polar region will go up more than 60C. The different pictures of temperature stem from its surrounding ocean which acts like the air conditioner. Thus New Zealand is comparatively fortunate.
　　Scientifically speaking, this temperature phenomenon in New Zealand originated from what researchers call "SAM" {Southern Annular Mode), which refers to the wind belt that circles the Southern Oceans including New Zealand and Antarctica. Yet recent work has revealed that changes in SAM in New Zealand have resulted in a weakening of moisture during the summer, and more rainfall in other seasons. A bigger problem may turn out to be heavier droughts for agricultural activities because of more water loss from soil, resulting in poorer harvest before winter when the rainfall arrive too late to rescue.
　　Among all the calamities posed by drought, moisture deficit ranks the first. Moisture deficit is the gap between the water plants need during the growing season and the water the earth can offer. Measures of moisture deficit were at their highest since the 1970s in New Zealand. Meanwhile, ecological analyses clearly show moisture deficit is imposed at different growth stage of crops. If moisture deficit occurs around a crucial growth stage, it will cause about 22% reduction in grain yield as opposed to moisture deficit at vegetative phase.
　　Global warming is not only affecting agriculture production. When scientists say the country's snow pack and glaciers are melting at an alarming rate due to global warming, the climate is putting another strain on the local places. For example, when the development of global warming is accompanied by the falling snow line, the local skiing industry comes into a crisis. The snow line may move up as the temperature goes up, and then the snow at the bottom will melt earlier. Fortunately, it is going to be favourable for the local skiing industry to tide over tough periods since the quantities of snowfall in some areas are more likely to increase.
　　What is the reaction of glacier region? The climate change can be reflected in the glacier region in southern New Zealand or land covered by ice and snow. The reaction of a glacier to a climatic change involves a complex chain of processes. Over time periods of years to several decades, cumulative changes in mass balance cause volume and thickness changes, which will affect the flow of ice via altered internal deformation and basal sliding. This dynamic reaction finally leads to glacier length changes, the advance or retreat of glacier tongues. Undoubtedly, glacier mass balance is a more direct signal of annual atmospheric conditions.
　　The latest research result of National Institute of Water and Atmospheric (NIWA) Research shows that glaciers line keeps moving up because of the impacts of global warming. Further losses of ice can be reflected in Mt. Cook Region. By 1996, a 14 km long sector of the glacier had melted down forming a melt lake (Hooker Lake) with a volume. Melting of the glacier front at a rate of 40 m/yr will cause the glacier to retreat at a rather uniform rate. Therefore, the lake will continue to grow until it reaches the glacier bed.
　　A direct result of the melting glaciers is the change of high tides that serves the main factor for sea level rise. The trend of sea level rise will bring a threat to the groundwater system for its hyper-saline groundwater and then pose a possibility to decrease the agricultural production. Many experts believe that the best way to counter this trend is to give a longer-term view of sea level change in New Zealand. Indeed, the coastal boundaries need to be upgraded and redefined.
　　There is no doubt that global warming has affected New Zealand in many aspects. The emphasis on the global warming should be based on the joints efforts of local people and experts who conquer the tough period. For instance, farmers are taking a long term, multi-generational approach to adjust the breeds and species according to the temperature, Agriculturists also find ways to tackle the problems that may bring to the soil. In broad terms, going forward, the systemic resilience that's been going on a long time in the ecosystem will continue.
　　How about animals' reaction? Experts have surprisingly realised that animals have unconventional adaptation to global warming. A study has looked at sea turtles on a few northern beaches in New Zealand and it is very interesting to find that sea turtles can become male of female according to the temperature. Further researches will try to find out how rising temperatures would affect the ratio of sex reversal in their growth. Clearly, the temperature of the nest plays a vital role in the sexes of the baby turtles,
　　Tackling the problems of global warming is never easy in New Zealand, because records show the slow process of global warming may have a different impact on various regions. For New Zealand, the emission of carbon dioxide only accounts for 0.5% of the world's total, which has met the governmental standard. However, (New Zealand's effort counts only a tip of the iceberg. So far, global warming has been a world issue that still hangs in an ambiguous future.