考研英语倒装句讲解分享

　　 倒装句作为历年考研英语真题中的高频考点，常常给考生造成阅读上的障碍，句子冗长结构复杂，理解起来非常有难度，需要考生对句子的结构和组成部分有深刻的理解。因此倒装句被看作是考研英语中的一大难点，既然是难点，就要用心的去攻克它。所以，小编今天整理了考研英语中倒装句的典型句式，希望能够帮助各位考生顺利破解长难句。
　　一．倒装句的分类：全部倒装和部分倒装
　　英语的基本语序是“主语 谓语”，这种语序称为陈述句语序或者自然语序（normal word order），如果把谓语的全部或者一部分置于主语之前，就称其为倒装语序（inverted word oeder）,当谓语全部位于主语之前，我们称其为全部倒装（full inversion）;当谓语一部分位于主语之前，我们称其为部分倒装（partial inversion）。
　　二．全部倒装
　　1. 定义：将谓语动词全部置于主语之前，即动词 主语。
　　There was a mountain.
　　On the mountain stood a temple.
　　In the temple lived an old monk.
　　2. 形容词短语置于句首
　　真题例1
　　Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth.
　　3. 分词短语置于句首
　　真题例2
　　Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.
　　4. 介词短语置于句首
　　真题例3
　　At the core of the debate was chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.
　　三．部分倒装
　　1. 定义：将谓语动词的一部分（如助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前为部分倒装（实义动词位置不发生改变）。
　　2. 部分倒装的识别及还原
　　识别：若助动词或情态动词后出现名词则判断为部分倒装。
　　还原：将助动词、情态动词还原，助动词有时需要去掉。
　　I seldom go to work by bus. (原句)
　　Seldom do I go to work by bus. (倒装) “我很少乘公共汽车上班。”
　　You can solve this problem only in this way. (原句)
　　Only in this way can you solve this problem. (倒装)“只有用这种方法，你才可以解决问题。”
　　3. 否定词置于句首
　　真题例1
　　Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.
　　4. only置于句首
　　真题例2
　　Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.
　　5. so置于句首
　　真题例3
　　So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
　　 四．句型分析
　　1.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly onadvertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT bydefault will become the norm.(2013, text 2, para.7)
　　［译文］还不清楚的是为什么微软要单干。毕竟，微软也有一个广告业务，虽然它仍然在研究如何做，也说会符合DNT请求。如果它试图让完全依赖广告业务的谷歌难受的话，那么它选择的方法并不直接：没法保证默认选项的DNT会成为业内规范。
　　［分析］倒装首先是识别，然后把句序调整为正常句序再翻译：why Microsoft has gone it alone is also unclear.这句话前面已经分析过了，不再重复细节。注意后面一句的原文有错误。
　　2.Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so is the atmosphere.(1995.Structure and Vocabulary)
　　［译文］正如土壤是地球的一部分，大气也是如此。
　　［分析］so 系动词 主语，倒装表示“也是如此”；但是so 主语 助动词，表示对上文的肯定。比如Lz is a dust man (scum), so he is. 怎么翻译？
　　3.Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habitsacquiredby man as a member of society.” This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life.Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.(2003, translation, para.6)
　　［译文］泰勒将文化定义为“......复杂的整体，包括信仰，艺术，道德，法律，习俗，以及人类作为社会成员获得的任何其它的能力和习惯。”这种非常简单但是深刻的洞察力（这一句真不好翻），开创了感知和理解人类生活的完全的新方式。泰勒的定义有隐含的概念，即文化是后天习得的、与他人共享的和固定模式的行为。
　　［分析］正常句序是Tylor’s definition is implicit within the concept that----
　　4.Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
　　This development —and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead —hasenthronedthe South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation'sheadcounting.(1998, text 4, para.1)
　　［译文］1980年人口普查中出现了一个画面（情况），这个国家形成越来越多的地区竞争，因为东北和中西部的人口增长几乎停滞不前。
　　这种发展，以及它在今后几年对美国政治和经济的强烈影响，使南部地区在美国人口普查历史上一、次成为美国人口密集的地区。
　　［分析］原文还原成正常句子the picture of--- is emerging from the 1980 census.
　　5.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.(2004, translation, para.2)
　　［译文］直到近，语言学家才开始认真研究与他们自己非常不同的语言。两个人类语言学家弗朗茨·博阿斯和爱德华·萨皮尔是在二十世纪前半叶描述北美和南美许多土著语言的先驱。

　　［分析］还原成正常句序Linguists began the serious study of languages---only recently。注意这句也是强调句，所以倒装的一个原因就是强调目的。
　　6.It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”(1999, text 5, para.4)
　　［译文］审计员非常有理由的相信，科学家确切的知道自己的目标，以及如何实现。他们不会因为一边关注显微镜，一边关注收银机会分心。如果正如科学家的论文所反映的那样，规范性和符合标准的模式是科学家所期望的，那么管理层就不该被指责，说他们歧视研究者中的“异类”，更支持那些“和团队合作良好”的传统的思考者（还是指研究人员）。
　　［分析］这句话的难度能排进史上难真题句子前三。首先把if regularity---拿出来，后面其实就是 Nor引导的倒装。我们看完整版的内容就是:Neither LZ nor Tom is a scum. 还可以写成，Neither Lz is a scum, nor Tom is. 还可以倒装Neither is Lz a scum, nor is Tom.
　　语法是英语学习的基础，语法大关不过，阅读、完型、翻译和写作都会有难度，就别提过线和拿高分了。所以说，语法基础一定要牢牢掌握。而倒装句的理解和分析也是有规律可循的。只要大家在此版块的学习多做练习，多思考多总结，倒装句是可以在一定时间内攻克的。