考研英语阅读之没有伟大的意志力 考研初试

       今天小编想给大家分享的是考研英语阅读文章，希望大家看完后能够有所收获。
　　There is no such thing as a great talent without great will - power. -- Balzac
　　没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。-- 巴尔扎克
　　打卡译文
　　43.在面对外部世界时，我们的目标是做到客观，但是我们却不能逃离我们所处的独特的生活经验的环境。
　　译文： Facing up to the outside world, we aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience.词汇复习
　　misinterpretation self-deception protoscience staked scrutiny gatekeeper paradox duplication refutation deceptiveness novelty★不熟悉的词汇请回到的语境句子中复习巩固
　　Day40 2011 Text 4
　　(1/7)If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsterswere in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.
　　(2/7)There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions. (3/7)At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care. (4/7)In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly“ backloaded ”public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous. (5/7)Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones. (6/7)As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down . In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under thecurrent system, too. (7/7)John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.
       文章结构
　　一段说明主题，公共部门工会的强大；第二段说明强大的原因；第三段说明工会在州的等级更加强大；第四段说明公共部门收益较高；第五段，公共部门改革受到工会阻挠；第六段，指出有些政治家准备采取强硬措施，受到；末了一段总结公共部门需要进行改革。本文标题Enemies of progress ：The biggest barrier to public-sector reform are the unions。
　　考点词汇
　　unionist 工会者 patrol 巡逻 backload 调整费用 vigorously 精神旺盛的，活泼地 egregiously 惊人的，过分的 charter school 特许学校 merit pay 绩效工资 drawn-out 扩日持久的 clamp down 取缔， prudent 谨慎的 augment 增大 indifference 冷淡，不难句分析
　　提醒：请首先自己翻译，再对照我们的分析和参考译文。
　　1. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care. ［分析］这句话是个 省略现象 ，补全了就是： The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA keeps an eyeon prisons and a variety of labor groups keep an eyeon health care. 所以翻译时要把几个主语的“ 盯着 ”都要补上。 2. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones. ［分析］本句的语法上是 even though 引导一个让步状语从句里面套了一个 that引导的从句 ，做evidence的同位语从句。 在主句的fought against后面两个宾语并列： getting ride of bad ones和promoting good ones。题目解析
　　参考译文
　　如果工会者吉米·霍法今天还活着的话，他可能会代表公务员了。 当霍法的卡车司机协会在1960年处于鼎盛阶段的时候，只有1/10的美国工作者属于工会； 现在这个数字达到36%了。 在2009年，美国公共服务部门的工作人员参与工会人员的人数超过了私人企业。 在英国，有一半公务员参加了工会，而私企只有15%参加。 公共服务部门的工会兴起有三个原因。
       一、他们能把坏事情扼杀在萌芽中，没有后遗症。
       二、他们有教养聪明。 有25%的公务员有大学学历。
       三、他们现在控制着左倾政策。 这些政策 历史悠远。 英国工党，正如他的名字所暗示的，和工会有长期联系。 工党现在的***是米利班德就把自己党魁的席位归功于公务员工会。 工会的影响力在各州影响力更恐怖。 加州公共政策研究中心的马克·巴尔达萨雷指出： 该州预算很大程度由工会巡查审定。 教师工会则学校，CCPOA，其它各种工会团队健康医疗。 在很多发达国家，州级公务员的平均工资要高于私企。 但真正的收入来自于各项利益和工作实践。 政治 家不断调整公务员的薪水，保持工资上涨不快，但实际上增加了假期，尤其是本就很高的养老金。 改革受到强烈反对，尤其惊人的是教育改革。 特许学校，学术机构和绩效奖都要面对长期战役。

       即使有充足的证据： 教师质量是很重要的因素，但教师工会反对放弃差老师而鼓励好老师。 反对改革会对每个人产生坏处，这种坏处现在变得越来越明显了，政治家开始打压取缔。 在威斯康辛，工会集结了上千上万的支持者反对共和党强硬派斯科特·沃克。 但是，公务员也会受到现有体制的不利影响。 哈佛肯尼迪学院的约翰·多纳休指出，西方行政部门的文化标准适合那些想留在原地的人，但对于优秀学员是不利的。 年薪25万的美国公务员是大学体育教练和美国总统。 银行家厚实的工资袋导致了众多批评，但公务员系统不能给优秀人才丰厚的回报可能是美国面临的更大问题。