考研真题英语阅读翻译分享 考研复习

　　下面小编跟大家一起了解考研真题英语阅读翻译分享，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
　　Inthe idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waitingto be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientificmethod to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequentlyfollows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but wecannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge andinterest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, andthe subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, andself-deception abound.
　　在科学是如何完成的理想化版本中，关于世界的事实正等待着客观的研究人员去观察和收集，他们使用科学的方法来完成他们的工作。但在科学的日常实践中，发现往往遵循一条模糊而复杂的路径。我们的目标是客观，但我们无法逃避我们独特的生活经历。先验知识和兴趣影响着我们的经历，影响着我们对经历的理解，影响着我们随后采取的行动。误解、错误和自欺的机会比比皆是。
　　Consequently,discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly stakedmining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny andacceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process,through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’sanyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the startingpoint.
　　因此，发现主张应该被认为是原始科学。与新近建立的采矿权益主张类似，它们充满了潜力。但是，要将一项发现声明转化为一项成熟的发现，需要集体的和接受。这是一个可信度的过程，通过这个过程，每一个研究人员，在这里，现在变成了社区中的任何人，任何地方，任何时间。客观的知识是目标，而不是起点。

　　Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectualcredit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control ofwhat happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientificcommunity, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act asgatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use thenew finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (includingother scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanyingtechnology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, theinteraction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about thescience and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claiminto the community’s credible discovery.
　　一旦发现声明被公开，发现者就会得到智力上的认可。但是，与采矿索赔不同的是，社区控制了接下来发生之后，公众(包括其他科学家)接受新的发现和可能伴随的技术。作为一种发现主张，它在社区中起作用，所涉及的科学和技术的共同信念和相互竞争的信念之间的相互作用和对抗，将个人的发现主张转化为社区的可信发现。