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2018年12月27日 20:34:35
语法的重要性小编已经说过很多次了,没有语法基础光靠背单词是不可能读懂长难句,也无法在阅读上取得高分的。为了方便大家记忆,小编整理了考研英语语法精炼,希望可以帮助大家更方便的学习英语~
语法的重要性小编已经说过很多次了,没有语法基础光靠背单词是不可能读懂长难句,也无法在阅读上取得高分的。为了方便大家记忆,小编整理了考研英语语法精炼,希望可以帮助大家更方便的学习英语~
一、it强调句型
在表示强调的结构中,it 可用作先行代词,这种结构的句型如下:It is/was 被强调的部分 that 其他部分。如果强调的部分是人,可用who, whom 代替that.例如:Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.王教授每星期一下午教我们英语。强调主语:It is Professor Wang who teaches us English every Monday afternoon.强调间接宾语:It is us whom Prof. Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon.强调直接宾语:It is English that Prof. Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.强调状语:It is every Monday afternoon that Prof. Wang teaches us English.
1)该上课了,快。It is time for class. Hurry up.
2)从这儿到你们学校远吗不远,大约一公里。Is it far from here to your school No, it isn’t. It’s about a kilometer.
3)从我家到颐和园去很近。It is very near from my home to the Summer Palace.
4)(天)正在下雨。It’s raining now.
5)电灯是爱迪生发明的。It was Edison who invented the electric light.
6)我认为学习一门外语是很重要的。I think it important to learn a foreign language.
7)他通常一天读两次英语。He made it a rule to read English twice a day.
8)从我家去广场坐公共汽车大约要一个小时。It takes about an hour to go from my home to the Tian’anmen Square by bus.反意疑问句反意疑问句相当于“对不对”“好不好”“行不行”,用yes或 no 回答。由两部分组成,前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是附加疑问短语,中间用逗号隔开,所以反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句。通常的形式是:肯定的陈述句 否定的附加疑问,或否定的陈述句 肯定的附加疑问。如:He studies English, doesn’t heHe doesn’t study English, does heThey are from America, aren’t theyThey are not from America, are they反意疑问句的主要形式:
1.如果主句是be或其他助动词(如can, shall, will 等),其反意疑问句用同一助动词。如:We are late, aren’t weYou haven’t met my wife, have youHe can drive a car, can’t heThey used to have difficulty in just making ends meet, didn’t (usedn’t) theyYou’d better eat with knives and forks, hadn’t you
2.如果主语带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little等否定词或半否定词时,因为主句本身具有否定意义,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定式,如:We seldom go to the cinema, do weSue almost never worked, did she
3.如果主句部分是 “I am…”结构,由于”am not” 没有相应的缩略形式,附加疑问部分一般用aren’t I 代替。如:I am your friend, aren’t II’m late, aren’t II am a student, aren’t I在祈使句中的附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you.
4. 在祈使句中的附加疑问部分一般用will you, won’t you.如:Sit down, will youHave some tea, won’t youOpen the window, won’t you这种句子可以理解为: Will you do something如:Will you open the window注意:否定的祈使句之后,只能用will.如:Don’t forget, will youDon’t make so much noise, will you
5.以Let’s… 开头的祈使句,肯定的用shall we 否定的用all right 或OK, 如:Let’s go back to our seats, shall weLet’s not have hot food this time, OK (all right)这种句子可以理解为:Shall we (do something),如:Shall we go back to our seats.这样有助于理解和记忆。注意:Let’s 与Let us 的区别:Let’s包括听话人在内,应用shall we, 而Let us 不包括听话人在内,表示“请你让我们…”,要用will you.如:Let’s watch the news on TV, shall we (表示建议)Let us watch the news on TV, will you (表示请求)
6.主句是I suppose, I think, I believe等时,附加疑问部分则往往与that 从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。如:I suppose that you know the meaning of the word, don’t you(这句话明显是要问“你是不是知道”而不是问“我是不是这样认为”)I don’t think that you have read the book, have you
7.当主句的动词have 表示“拥有”时,附加疑问既可用have, 也可用do,如:You have a color TV set, haven’t you/don’t you当主句的have不表示“拥有”而表示其他意思时,附加疑问要用do,如:You had a cold yesterday, didn’t youThey don’t have coffee with breakfast, do the.
8.There be句型的反意疑问句,用there 作主语。如:There is something wrong, isn’t thereThere won’t be any trouble, will there 不会有任何麻烦,是吗
9.陈述部分的主语是everyone, someone, anyone, no one, nobody等不定代词时,其疑问部分的主语可用he, 也可用they.如:Everyone knows it, doesn’t he/don’t they英语反意疑问句的回答有点和汉语的相反。但一定要记住:只要回答是肯定的,都用yes,只要回答是否定的,都用no。这在主句是否定句的时候要特别注意。例如:Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he No, he can’t.琼斯先生不会语,对吗对,他不会语。Mr. Jones can’t speak French, can he Yes, he can.琼斯先生不会语,对吗不,他会语。This is not a door, is it -Yes, it is. It is an iron door.这不是门,对吗不,这是门。是扇铁门。
二、形式宾语it
it作形式宾语,代表其后所说的真正的宾语。真正的宾语是以that 引导的名词性从句或不定式短语。例如:I consider it wrong that you Chinese students learn English without comparing it with your own language.我认为你们学生学习英语,不和你们自己的语言比较是不对的。I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language.我发现学习一门外语不那么困难。I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming.我记得向你明确表示过我不来。They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job.他们要向公众表明,他们在做一件重要而又必要的工作。三、形式主语it动词不定式、动名词短语起、从句在句子中起主语作用,而这一部分用词较多时,可以用it作为形式主语,放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。
1.It 谓语 动词不定式。It 作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。例如:It is difficult to climb a mountain. 爬山是很艰难的。It’s a good habit to do morning exercises. 作早操是个好习惯。It’s important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language. 在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。It is right to do so. 这样做是对的。
2.It 谓语 动名词短语。It 作形式主语,动名词短语作真正的主语。例如:It is dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是危险的。It is no use learning without thinking. 学而不思则罔。It’s useless arguing with a silly boy. 和笨孩子争论是没有用的。
3.It 谓语 名词性从句。It 作形式主语,以that 引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。例如:It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film.你没看这么好的电影,真可惜。It is certain that we shall succeed. 我们一定会成功。It is strange that nobody knows where he lives.真奇怪,谁也不知道他住在哪里。(It is strange that…后面可用虚拟语气。如:It is strange that he should have made such a mistake.他居然犯了这样一个错误,真奇怪。It is strange that nobody should know where he lives.居然没有人知道他住在哪里,真奇怪。)It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning.据说飞机明天上午十点起飞。
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