托福写作段落扩展的方法 托福备考

　　今天小编为大家准备了托福写作段落拓展的可操作思路，希望对大家有所帮助，接下来跟小编一起来看一下吧。
　　1. 题目回顾
　　首先我们回顾一下YJ这篇独立写作的题目和观点：
　　“It is better to take risks and explore new things when we are older rather than when we are younger. Do you agree or disagree? ”
　　（你是否同意“年纪大时冒险尝试新事物比年轻时更好”这一观点？）
　　YJ想说的观点是：“年轻时冒险更好。” 在上一篇文章中我们从YJ的三个理由中选择了“passion”这个点，并给大家展示了一个完整的段落：
　　First, passion is one of the prerequisites in taking risks and exploring new things, and it more often exists in the young than in the elderly. Free from the fetters of old concepts, young people are often anxious to explore the unknown and make a difference. In fact, many of those who have successfully changed the world were young when they took a leap. Bill Gates, a business magnate, chose to drop out of Harvard at the age of 19 and founded Microsoft—now an IT behemoth— when he was around his 20. Steve Jobs started Apple Inc., which would grow into a titan in electronic devices, in his garage when he was 21. Mark Zuckerberg, another technology entrepreneur, launched Facebook, the social networking giant, also in his 20s. It seems that the momentum for exploration exists more in these young leaders than people in their 40s, 50s, 60s or older. Bertrand Russel once compared a person’s life to a river which rushes “passionately past boulders and over waterfalls” at first and “flows more quietly” towards the end. This description of different stages of a person’s life mirrors people’s passion and desire to take risks and make explorations.
　　本篇文章中我会详细解释如何将一个理由做到示范段落的拓展。
　　2. 如何拓展段落
　　那么要如何将“young people”、“taking risks”和“passion”这三者联系到一起呢？首先，我们先看一个导图：
　　为了说明“年轻人冒险更好”这一观点（即图中从1到3），我们引入了一个原因，即年轻人更有电影（图中序号2）。为了更好地说明这个道理，我们需要说明young people和passion之间的联系（他们为什么有电影？）。并且建立passion和taking risks之间的联系。即下图：
　　在我的段落的主题句中提出了passion是taking risks的必要条件之一（从2到3）。第二句，解释了young people为什么有passion—因为他们通常不受旧观念的制约（从1到2）。
　　写到这里，其实段落的逻辑链条已经基本建立了。之后我们就需要让这个说理的过程变得更加具体。
　　让段落变得具体，可以用很多的方式来实现。我的段落中采取的是举出几个常见的名例—比尔·盖茨、乔布斯和扎克伯格的例子。而在举例的过程中，也让“冒险”这个抽象的概念变成了更加具体的“创业”。
　　段落的末尾，我将上述冒险例子与passion再次结合，并引用了罗素”How to Grow Old”中对不同人生阶段的比喻，再次提出年轻人更加有passion，强化段落的逻辑链条。
　　按照上述的逻辑，托福写作中一个完整的理由 论证的段落展示就已经搞定了。读者们有学会么？

　　我给大家分享一篇我自己写的满分的托福写作范文，供大家参考：
　　 独立写作题目题目：
　　It is better to take risks and explore new things when we are older rather than when we are younger. Do you agree or disagree? (2018/3/3)
　　段落示范：
　　Life is like a journey. It is not a journey along an expressway which directly leads to a destination. There are many side roads for people to choose from. It is not a question whether we should take risks or not since we are all granted the freedom to explore the unknown. The timing is what matters, and I believe that the earlier we take up a side road, the better the outcome will be, considering the following features that often characterize young people: passion and physical health.
　　First, passion is one of the prerequisites in taking risks and exploring new things, and it more often exists in the young than in the elderly. Free from the fetters of old concepts, young people are often anxious to explore the unknown and make a difference. In fact, many of those who have successfully changed the world were young when they took a leap. Bill Gates, a business magnate, chose to drop out of Harvard at the age of 19 and founded Microsoft—now an IT behemoth— when he was around his 20. Steve Jobs started Apple Inc., which would grow into a titan in electronic devices, in his garage when he was 21. Mark Zuckerberg, another technology entrepreneur, launched Facebook, the social networking giant, also in his 20s. It seems that the momentum for exploration exists more in these young leaders than people in their 40s, 50s, 60s or older. Bertrand Russel once compared a person’s life to a river which rushes “passionately past boulders and over waterfalls” at first and “flows more quietly” towards the end. This description of different stages of a person’s life mirrors people’s passion and desire to take risks and make explorations.
　　The second reason is health: young people are in their prime of life, especially when physical conditions are taken into consideration. Their body is flexible and strong enough to support them through many adventures. Circulatory diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure and stoke are often far from their lives. When taking part in a risky sport, they do not have to worry too much about fractured knees or ankles. Taking an aggressive approach in the stock market, they are less likely to suffer a heart attack over fluctuations in share prices. If they want to found a next generation start-up, they can stay up night after night and work until still another difficult technological problem is cracked. These are all blessings of youth. When people grow old, they have to care about their own health in order to enjoy a longer and better life, which often constrains them from taking risks and exploring exciting new fields.
　　For the advantages of youth mentioned above, I believe it is better for us to seize the time and take risks when we are still young than when we are older.