考研英语真题阅读解析

　　考研之路折射出的是读书之旅，而读书，本身就是孤独而寂寞的，你要相信，天道酬勤，只要真的足够努力，辛勤灌溉，梦想必定能开出花。所以，加油！预祝大家考研顺利，高分通过，生活愉快，身体健康。
　　You can walkas far asyouwant !
　　 Arnold Schwarzenegger, Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you. It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day---encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.
　　1.Some celebrities star in a new video to__________.
　　A.demand new laws on the use of plastics
　　B.urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
　　C.invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
　　D.disclose the causes of the plastics crisis
　　解题思路：
　　1. 考查细节。根据题目关键词celebrity和new video 定位到首段第二句话： abrunch of celebrities......encouraging you, the consumer, to combat......the plastic crisis.
　　2.题目问的是目的（to do what), 原文破折号告诉我们目的是：encourage you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis.名人鼓励
　　①消费者停止使用一次性塑料袋，以此
　　②来对抗塑料危机。
　　3. 看选项，CD讲到了塑料危机，但并不是对抗，而是说大众观点和原因，错；A中法律没提及，B与原文相符。
　　4. 有同学说swap out 不知道什么意思，其实out的意思是出去，那么带有一定的否定意味，所以大致可以推断出是否定塑料制品的呀~
　　核心词汇：
　　plastic 塑料
　　single-use一次性的
　　 My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. On their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be harmful, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
　　2. The author is concerned that "moral licensing” may__________.
　　A. mislead us into doing worthless things
　　B. prevent us from making further efforts
　　C. weaken our sense of accomplishment
　　D. suppress our desire for success
　　解题思路:
　　1.考查词的隐含意义。根据题目关键词“moral licensing”,定位到第三段之后：a kind of “moral licensing” that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
　　2. 题目问：这种 moral liscensing 会怎样？that 引导的定语从句eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
　　①可以减轻我们的担忧，阻止我们做更多事情
　　③并阻止我们要求更多负责人。
　　3. 对照选项，B 项“阻止我们做更多的努力"与原文三点符合。
　　核心词汇：
　　mislead 误导
　　worthless 无价值的
　　prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
　　effort 努力
　　weaken 削弱
　　suppress 压制
　　While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping bags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
　　3. By pointing out our identity as “citizens," the author indicates that____ A. our focus should be shifted to community welfare
　　B. our relationship with local industries is improving
　　C. we have been actively exercising our civil rights
　　D. we should press our governments to lead the combate
　　解题思路：
　　1. 考查词句的隐含意义。根据题目的关键词“citizens”定位到第四段一句：we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “citizens” hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
　　2. 意思为： （我们会忽视）作为消费者，我们要继续购买购物袋和吸管，而不是作为市民，去让我们的和企业承担责任，推动真正的系统性变革。那言下之意就是，我们需 要去让和企业做出改变。故选 D
　　3. 其他三项内容完全没有提及，也可排除
　　核心词汇：
　　1.citizen 市民
　　2.welfare 福利
　　3.civilright 民权
　　 It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things, Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.
　　 This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.
　　4. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be ___
　　A. a win-win arrangement
　　B. a self-driven mechanism
　　C. a cost-effective approach
　　D. a top down process

　　解题思路：
　　1. 根据人名DeSombrehe和collective change 定位到第五段后一句话。“De Sombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.”
　　2. 我们直接在原文就可以看到答案应该填一个词：structural
　　3. 但是选项中没有和structural相关的，那么我们就要思考，是不是下一段有提示。
　　4.用1秒的时间扫下一段，发现正好有 This might meanmplementing policy such as a plastic tax....,提到了policy 和 tax, 毫无疑问，这种事情是做的，所以选D， atop downprocess (自上而下的过程，top 上， down 下）
　　5. A. 双赢，不对；B.自我驱动机制，不对；C.经济有效的方法，与结构性无关
　　核心词汇：
　　mechanism机制
　　approach 方法、途径
　　implement 实施
　　 DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.
　　 None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive polices that shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.
　　5.The author concludes that individual efforts__________.
　　A. can be too aggressive
　　B. are far from sufficient
　　C. can be too inconsistent
　　D. are far from rational
　　解题思路：
　　1. 考查作者对某件事的态度。根据题目的可知是作者对于“individual efforts”的态度， 可以定位到倒数第二段，“individual actions are too slow”，但是这句话是Desombre 说的，而紧接着，倒数一、段作者说，Noneof this is about writing off the individual.（并不是要放弃个人的努力）It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t havetime to wait. We need progressive polices.....(我们需要更加积极的政策）
　　2. 反观题目，作者对individual的态度是：并不否定，但是individual的力量不够，需要更积极的政策
　　3.所以选出答案B，认为individual还不足够far from sufficient, 离足够还很远，就是不足，符合文章意思
　　词汇速记:
　　aggressive 侵略性的；好斗的；进取心的
　　sufficient 足够的
　　inconsistent不一致的
　　rational 理性的