托福写作不要再写小学生作文了

　　相信很多同学也都知道，托福考试写作部分禁止使用模板，被发现是会扣分的。所以很多同学在脱离了模板之后显得十分迷茫，自己根本不知道该如何用词造句，平时积累的好句也不知该如何使用，强行使用又会让文章显得十分尴尬……那么怎样才能证明自己的写作水平不是“小学生”级别呢？我们先来看看托福写作的评分标准：
　　综合写作：
　　1.内容的完整性和准确性。
　　2.文章的组织结构，词汇和语法的正确性和准确性。
　　独立写作：
　　1.有效回应题目，阐明文章主题。
　　2.逻辑条理清楚，论证充分展开。
　　3.内容连贯一致，衔接自然流畅。
　　4.遣词造句地道，语言驾驭娴熟。
　　独立写作的要求可能看起来比综合写作要多，但两者都用一个共同点，那就是逻辑清晰，表达准确完整。当文章稍有缺乏时，就可能出现以下常见问题。
　　逻辑匮乏
　　连贯地把一个观点言之成理地表达出来，是完成任何写作任务的第一要务，在英文写作中尤其要注意两点，第一，不要被辞藻的华美和句式的复杂绕进去了，英文应该以几个关键词为骨架，再以此为基础进行增删修饰，所以不要文过饰非，表达片段化；第二，对于低龄学员来说，尤其要注意平行论点之间是否有重叠，交叉的地方，同时，要注意事实，结果和基准之间是否处在一条直线上，是否在逻辑上具有一致性。
　　无理无据
　　托福写作评分标准当中对于“事实和论据”有着明确的要求，“口水话”是任何应试型写作的大忌。

　　论据的积累事实上也应该成为写作教学的重要一环，其中理论型的论据需要教师的讲解和提炼，也需要学生“思接千载，视通万里”，不局限于单一科目，把多门学科当中的原理和事实融入进论点的阐发过程相当重要。
　　还有就是具体事例，大家必须明白的一点是具体事例写作绝对不等同把个人经历做成流水账，而是要加以概括，把枝枝叶叶的部分砍掉，详细准确的表达出来。
　　遣词造句不地道
　　托福的阅卷人不知道看过多少篇以 “with the development of society”（随着社会的发展）开头的作文，这种毫无个人创作元素的模板句式不仅不会加分甚至会减分。其次，玩弄大词，不用小词，不区分书面语和口语，都是由于平时不阅读，不积累，所造成的坏账和恶果。
　　废话太多
　　如果我们试着把一段中文翻译成英文，再把这段译文和典范的英文进行对比，就可以发现大多数人的翻译都要比典范英文长一截。这恰恰是写作刚刚入门，又无法达到精通程度的学生最容易遇到的问题。
　　英文写作的原则应该是“less is more”，写得精炼远远好于长篇大论，如若英文写作要从中低端迈入高端，这背后需要调动介词，比如“otherwise”这种介词，80%的学生都不会用，或者害怕用；此外，把从句以合成词的方式的呈现出来，用上data-driven这样的结构等。
　　所以，如何使自己写的文章看起来不是“流水账”呢？我们可以平时还是要多积累一些好的句式，这样才能让整篇文章看起来更加精彩有逻辑。
　　优秀句型积累
　　● 表示比较和对照关系的句型1) A is to B what/ as C is to D(A之于B犹如C之于D).2) Just as..., so...3) A and B have sth in common.4) A is similar to B.5) The same is true of，The same can be said of(……也是如此).6) The advantages of A are much greater than B.7) compared with B, A has many advantages.8) The advantages outweigh the disadvantages(利大于弊).9) Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too.10) Although A enjoys considerable advantage over..., it can not compete with B in...● 过渡性句型1) this is true that...2) This is true, no doubt, but...3) ...also...4) It is one thing to...; it is another to...
　　● 描写图表和数据的句型1) .. . rank first (both) in...2) .. .in proportion to...3) A is by far the largest...4) As many as....5) The number is ...times as much as that of ...6) The figure has nearly doubled/tripled, as against that of last year.7) It accounts for 35% of...8) By comparison with ..., it decreased/increased/fell from...to...9) ...rise rapidly(slowly)10) ...remain level...● 图表作文中的过渡、概括句型1) As can be indicated in the table, ...2) As we could find out later，...3) As is revealed in the table，...4) As the survey results show，...5) This table provides several important points of comparison between，...6) The two graphs depict the same thing in ...7) The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows:8) According to the figures given in the table, ...9) This chart shows that ...10) As is shown by the graph, ...● 说明原因的句型1) There are some/two/many good reasons for.../to do...2) We have two good reasons for...3) The reason for ... is that 从句4) Among the most convincing reasons given by people for..., one should be mentioned...5) One may think of the trend as a result of...6) The change in... largely results from the fact that...7) There are several causes for this significant growth in... First...8) A number of factors could account for the ....9) It is no simple task to give the reason for ...10) The cause of /reason for higher prices was an increase in demand.● 表示不同看法的句型1) Different people have/hold different opinions/views on the question/problem/matter. Some believe that ...; Others argue that ... :Still others maintain that ...2) They are quite different from each other in their opinions.3) Some people hold the opinion that it is good to ....4) They think quite differently on this question.5) Opinions vary from individual to individual, from culture to culture.