中国考生常犯的雅思语法错误分析

　　文章有些长，请认真读完，中国雅思考生常犯的语法错误！
　　雅思写作和口语的评分标准中涉及到了语法的准确性，所以特别提醒广大考生一定要注意总结自己常犯的语法错误，避免扣分。
　　雅思官方有关口语评分标准中谈到：“口语练习的时候要录音，重放录音检查自己的语法错误，建议考生注意动词和时态的用法。如果语法错误严重影响沟通理解的话，就可能会导致扣分。”
　　（口语评分标准有关语法的要求）
　　雅思写作的评分标准中也谈到考官将根据语法错误的程度酌情扣分，建议考生写完作文之后一定要抽出时间检查并修改错误，纠正这些错误将会帮助你提升成绩。
　　（写作有关语法准确性的要求）
　　那么，在雅思口语和写作考试中，中国考生常犯的语法错误有哪些呢？今天小编就为大家整理了一下，看看你有木有中招。本文将主要从词汇语法错误、句式语法错误等总结分析。
　　词汇语法错误
　　01、冠词使用错误
　　a.不定冠词：a/an
　　例句：I want to eat apple.
　　应改成：I want to eat an apple.
　　b.定冠词：the
　　例句：I was born in the Shanghai.
　　应改成：I was born in Shanghai.
　　一些由考生误以为“独一无二的事物前面都要加the”，不知道Shanghai，China，人名这类不由普通名词组成的专有名词前通常不加the。
　　注：定冠词“the”的使用规定有很多种情形，建议考生可以专门攻克一下。
　　c.不使用冠词
　　例句：Play the football
　　应改成：Play football
　　类似情形有：Have lunch, Go home, By car等都不使用冠词。
　　02、名词单复数错误
　　a.有一些词或者短语后面一般要加可数名词的复数，如“a few, few, a variety of, various, other, numerous等。
　　例句：Smoking cessation is one of the likely factor that contribute to the development of obesity.
　　应改成：Smoking cessation is one of the likely factors that contribute to the development of obesity.
　　b.有一些词后面一般要加可数名词的单数，如“any other, another, each, neither, either”。
　　例句：Many teenagers begin smoking habits due to peer pressure but not for any other reasons.
　　应改成：Many teenagers begin smoking habits due to peer pressure but not for any other reason.
　　c.有一些词或者短语后面一般要加不可数名词，如“a little, little, less, much, enormous, a large amount of ”。
　　例句：Little progresses have been made towards tackling poverty.
　　应改成：Little progress has been made towards tackling poverty.
　　03、及物动词的使用错误
　　a.及物动词后一定要加名词或者名词性质的成分作宾语，构成主语 谓语动词 宾语的基本句型；否则就是错误的。
　　例句：I will discuss in some detail.
　　应改成：I will discuss this topic in detail.
　　b.有一些及物动词后面跟宾语和宾语补足语，构成主语 谓语动词 宾语 宾语补足语的基本句型，如“make,see,have,let”，这些词后面跟的动词常用不加“to”的动词不定式。
　　例句：Education can let young people to find jobs easily after they finish their education.
　　应改成：Education can let young people find jobs easily after they finish their education.
　　04、介词的语法错误
　　a.介词不是连词，一般后面只接名词或者具备名词性质的短语或者带连词的宾语从句。比较容易被当做连词的介词有“despite,in spite of,during,because of,due to”，也不能加动词。
　　例句：Many children depend on their parents give support.
　　应改成：Many children depend on their parents’ support.
　　b.“to”在某些情况下（如词组“give rise to, contribute to, pay attention to, conform to, lead to”）作介词，需要加名词或者具备名词性质的东西充当宾语，而不是加动词原形充当不定式。
　　例句：There are many solutions to deal with the problem.
　　应改成：There are many solutions to the problem.
　　05、连词的使用错误
　　a.一般来说，两个连词不能同时用在句子中，典型的例子有：“because”和“so”, “although”和“but”。
　　例句：Although the crime rate is falling in many parts of the world, but violent crimes are constantly rampant.
　　应改成：Although the crime rate is falling in many parts of the world, violent crimes are constantly rampant.
　　b.多于一个的名词、动词、形容词等出现的时候，需要使用并列连词“and,but”或者“or”。
　　例句：Smoking, drinking are banned in many places of work.
　　应改成：Smoking and drinking are banned in many places of work.
　　06、情态动词使用错误
　　有时过度重视时态，忽略了情态动词后面加动词要原形的原则。
　　例句：I thought the reason why I chose to study that subject was I could got a betterjob after learning that
　　应改成：I thought the reason why I chose to study that subjectwas I could get a better job after learning that.
　　07、代词单复数错误
　　使用代词要看所指代的名词的单复数，根据名词单复数使用相应的代词。
　　例句：Some parents do not obey traffic rules himself.
　　应改成：Some parents do not obey traffic rules themselves.
　　08、词性使用错误
　　修饰形容词或者动词应该用副词。
　　例句：Intelligent students should not be treated different by their teachers.
　　应改成：Intelligent students should not be treated differently by their teachers.
　　句子语法错误
　　01、主谓不一致
　　a.在英文中，你我、TA的动词形式不同。应是：I do; you do; she does; he does; it does.
　　例句： When one have money, he can do what he want to
　　应改为：Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).
　　b.动名词和不定式作主语的时候谓语动词一定是单数。
　　例句：Raising standards of literacy are the government’s priority.
　　应改为：Raising standards of literacy is the government’s priority.
　　c.不可数名词作主语的时候谓语动词一定是单数；如果主语是“...of...”的词组，谓语的数需要和“of”之前的名词保持一致。
　　例句：The adequacy of financial resources are crucial to the operation of a not-for-profit organisation.
　　应改为：The adequacy of financial resources is crucial to the operation of a not-for-profit organisation.
　　d.当主语后跟着“with, together with, coupled with, combined with, as well as, like”的时候，谓语动词跟随主语变化。
　　例句：Overworking, coupled with poor diet, lead to physical degeneration.
　　应改为：Overworking, coupled with poor diet, leads to physical degeneration.
　　e.“there be”句型中谓语动词的数随着其后面的名词改变。
　　例句：There is a number of countries which perform poorly in containing pollution.
　　应改为：There are a number of countries which perform poorly in containing pollution.
　　02、句子不完整
　　完整的句子是什么？一个主语 一个谓语已经可以构成最简单的完整句子。缺主语，或缺谓语，不能构成一个完整的句子。常犯的语法错误情形如下：
　　a.缺谓语
　　例句：The society developing rapidly.
　　应改成：The society develops rapidly.或The society is developing rapidly.
　　b.出现两个或两个以上主谓结构，一个句子有且只能有一个主谓结构。
　　例句：I do, he does not.
　　应改成：I do, but he does not.或I do. He does not.
　　c.缺表语
　　例句：The most popular kind of transport was by road.
　　应改成：The most popular kind of transport was road.

　　03、忽视平行结构
　　我们常用逗号，或连接词如：and，not only…but also…来连接两边平行的一些单词或句子。此时逗号及连接词左右两边连接的内容，需要形式平行，如名词和名词平行，形容词与形容词平行，动词与动词平行。
　　例如：
　　a.Expensive handmade items are creative and artistic.
　　此处，creative和artistic都是形容词，是正确的平行结构。
　　b.Working out and taking a rest are the best ways to maintain health.
　　此处working out和taking a rest是动名词做主语，形式一致，是正确的平行结构。而同学们常犯的错误是：working out and take a rest…此处结构就出现了错误。
　　c.The media gives us information and tells us the truth.
　　此处gives,tells结构一致，保持平行。常见错误写法：the media gives us information and telling us the truth.
　　04、双谓语错句
　　a.There be句型属于双谓语错句高发句型，因为句中的be动词已经是谓语，而句子后面的动词通常是定语从句中的成分，故不能作为主句中的谓语。
　　例句：There are many people agree tokeep pets at home.
　　应改成：There are many people who agree tokeep pets at home.
　　例句：There have many wildanimals in my country
　　应改成：There are many wild animals in my country.
　　b.整个句子做主语。
　　例句：Environmental pollution is becoming more serious is an undeniable fact.
　　应改为：It is an undeniable fact that environmentalpollution is becoming more serious.
　　c.动词做主语。
　　例句：Do part-time jobs helps students to relieve their financial burden.
　　应改成：Doing part-time jobs helps students torelieve their financial burden.
　　05、定语从句的使用错误
　　a.定语从句缺乏谓语动词
　　例句：Those who overweight or indulge in unhealthy diets are candidates for heart attacks.
　　应改成：Those who are overweight or indulge in unhealthy diets are candidates for heart attacks.
　　b.定语从句中动词的数应该和先行词的人称保持一致。
　　例句：The elderly, who is normally incapable of looking after themselves, need time and compassion from their family.
　　应改成：The elderly, who are normally incapable of looking after themselves, need time and compassion from their family.
　　06、主系表结构使用错误
　　例句： We are impossible to make any progress without correcting the mistakes.
　　应改成：It is impossible for us to make any progress without correcting the mistakes.
　　07、时态错误
　　时态错误：一般现在时和过去时
　　例句：Last year，I go to Australia to take a summer program.
　　应改成：Last year，I went to Australia to take a summer program.
　　08、不间断句子
　　例句：There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
　　应改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.
　　其他语法错误
　　01、标点符号用错
　　例句： As far as I am concerned，people should take exercise and relax themselves on a weekly basis. Because it offers great opportunities to release their stress.
　　剖析：Because引导的句子做原因状语从句，既然是从句，那么前面就不应该使用句号使其独立成句，而应该改成逗号，because首字母小写。
　　应改成： As far as I am concerned，people should take exercise and relax themselves on a weekly basis, because it offers great opportunities to release their stress.
　　02、修饰语错位
　　同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化。
　　例句：I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside thecampus.
　　应改成：I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside thecampus better.
　　03、措辞错误
　　例句：The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
　　分析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusive use(滥用)”。
　　应改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leadsto pollution.