考研英语阅读常考的句型解析

　　2019年考研英语阅读C翻译详解，考研的路途充满了艰辛和泪水，但结果会是快乐的，只要你认真的努力了，全心的投入了，我相信在考研的路上你收获的不仅仅只是录取通知书，而更多的是一份受益终生的经历，一段永远难忘的经历!
　　one.
　　It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was.
　　解析：本句主干为it was.... that 强调句型。强调的是only after 引导的时间状语从句。Realised 后面是宾语从句，宾语从句中要用陈述句语气。
　　翻译：直到开始撰写关于医学期刊的每周专栏,从头到尾阅读科学论文之后,我才意识到许多医学文献通常有多么糟糕。
　　two.
　　I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.
　　解析：本句复杂的主要是the kind of paper 后跟that 引导的定语从句，定语从句中又有宾语从句和定语从句。the kind of paper 后面全是定语从句的内容，关系代词that 修饰先行词paper. 定语从句中show 后面接宾语从句，宾语从句中有两个who引导的定语从句，这个比较好理解。
　　翻译：我渐渐识别出劣质论文的各种标志:这种论文声称,每周食用西兰花超过一千克的人晚年罹患恶性贫血的几率是那些食用较少的人的1.17倍。
　　three.
　　(1 There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.
　　解析：句子主干为：There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense。in the medical journals为介词短语作状语修饰主干内容，其中名词journals又带有一个由which引导的定语从句，which 指代nonsense, 而定语从句中又含有一个由when引导的时间状语从句，从句层层包裹，形成复合句。
　　翻译：医学期刊中由很多类似的无稽之谈，这些说法一旦被广播公司和新闻媒体报道，就会引发健康恐慌和短暂的饮食热潮。
　　four.
　　Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question.
　　解析：titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, 为过去分词作后置定语修饰paper, 谓语动词为attempt. attempt to do sth 试图做某事
　　翻译：为什么这么多伪科学论文能够发表?————近，一篇发表在英国皇家学会开放科学网站上的文章《伪科学的自然选择》,试图解答这个令人好奇而又重要的问题。
　　five.
　　It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it.
　　解析：本句主干为 It says 后跟 that 引导的宾语从句，宾语从句the problem is.....里是两个由that引导的表语从句，由but 连接， that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it.
　　翻译：该文章表示，问题不仅在于人们做伪科学研究，还在于我们当前的职业晋升体制积极鼓励这种行为。
　　six.
　　What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself.
　　解析：本句主语为what引导的主语从句：What is important，谓语动词为is， is 后跟表语 not truth, but publication. “which has become almost an end in itself.” 为which引导的非性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。
　　翻译：重要的不是事实,而是几乎以发表为目的的发表。这其中有一种通胀过程在起作用:
　　seven.
　　There has been a kind of inflationary process at work:
　　(2) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago.
　　解析：句子主干为：nowadays anyone … has to have published twice the number of papers….其中，“applying for a research post”为现在分词短语作定语修饰anyone,“that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago”为定语从句修饰papers, “twice the number of…”为比较结构。
　　翻译：这其中有一种通胀过程在起作用:如今，任何申请研究职位的人都必须发表两倍于10年前同一职位所需的论文数量。
　　eight.
　　Never mind the quality, then, count the number.
　　翻译：论文的质量无所谓,只计算数量。
　　nine.
　　(3)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.
　　解析：本句为主谓结构的简单句。句子主干为：Attempts have been made….其中，“to curb this tendency”和“by…”分别为不定式短语和介词短语作状语修饰句子主干内容。
　　翻译：人们已经做出努力来遏制这种趋势，例如，将质量和数量标准纳入申请者的论文评估中。
　　ten.
　　This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account.
　　解析：that is to say 起解释说明， “the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account”,为现在分词构成的状语从句，状语从句中为that 引导的表语从句that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account，
　　翻译：这就是著名的引文索引,即一篇论文在其他科技文献中被引用的次数,其假设前提是一篇重要论文被引用的次数 会比普通论文更多。
　　eleven.
　　(4) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.
　　解析：本句为含有状语从句的复合句。主干为：This would be reasonable…；“…that scientists can…”为that引导的同位语从句解释说明fact内容。“can arrange to cite ….“和”get associates to do so…“为动宾结构并列和前面名词scientists构成主谓宾结构。
　　翻译：如果不是因为科学家们可以很容易地在未来的出版物中引用自己，或者让同事为他们这样作以换取类似的好处，这将是合理的。
　　twelve.
　　Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity.
　　解析：本句为简单句，主语为动名词短语“Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts,”谓语为“entails”， “boil sth down to sth”意为“概括；归纳；压缩”
　　翻译：将个人的产出量化为简单的指标,如发表论文的数量或期刊影响力等，可以节省大量的时间和精力并避免不明确性。
　　thirteen.
　　Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great.
　　解析：本句为简单句， “of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit”介词短语修饰the long-term costs,“be likely to do sth”意为“很有可能做某事”“metrics”意为指标.
　　翻译：但不幸的是,采用简单的量化指标来评估研究人员的价值,其长期成本可能相当高。
　　fourteen.
　　(5) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.
　　解析：本句为含有状语从句和宾语从句的复合句。主干为：…we must ensure that…其中，“if we are serious about…”为条件状语从句，“ensuring that …”为现在分词结构作介词宾语；“…that our institutions encourage that kind of science”为ensure引导的宾语从句。
　　翻译：如果我们确实要保证我们的科学既有意义又可再生，那么我们必须确保我们的机构鼓励这种科学的进步。

　　单词整理.
　　column n. 柱;(通常为)圆形石柱;纪念柱;圆柱状物;柱形物
　　broadcaster n. 广播员;(电视或电台的)节目主持人;电视台;广播公司
　　intriguing adj. 非常有趣的;引人入胜的;神秘的
　　incorporate v. 将…包括在内;包含;吸收;使并入
　　ambiguity歧义; 一语多义; 模棱两可的词; 含混不清的语句; 模棱两可; 不明确
　　metrics衡量指标;韵律学;量度;指标
　　词组整理.
　　from beginning to end从头到尾；自始至终
　　pernicious anaemia恶性贫血
　　take up开始从事;喜欢上;开始处理;讨论…的处理方法;
　　an end in itself本身就值得做
　　in return for作为回报;作为交换
　　as well as既…又…; 除…之外; 此外