托福阅读之句子插入题型解析

　　如何高效解决托福阅读中的句子插入题？托福阅读中的句子插入题（Insert Text Questions）考察形式如下：题目给出一个句子，要求学生判断该句子插入到哪个位置为合适。题目中会提供四个位置，每个位置用标出供考生选择。
　　句子插入题在托福阅读中考察的数量一直稳定在一篇一题的数量。而且都出现在文章的倒数第二题。该题型的难度较大，很多考生表示因为难以理解句子的意思而无从下手。那么今天我们就来看一看如何通过一些高效的方法处理我们的句子插入题
　　ETS对于句子插入题的出题原则是：没有这个句子，语义上不会出现明显的断层，然而插入了这个句子后，行文会更加连贯通畅。这也就是为什么句子插入题会出现在文章的倒数第二题，而该段落中其它的题型，比如细节题，推理题等以及在之前出现过了。所以要是想通过阅读段落这个方式做题是非常得不偿失的。那么今天我们就介绍几种比较高效又好掌握的做题方法帮助大家一起来解决托福阅读中的句子插入题。
　　英语的语言衔接手段非常丰富但主要是以下三种
　　通过语法衔接，通过逻辑衔接，通过语义衔接
　　解题原则一：通过语法衔接解题
　　1.人称代词。通过使用人称代词（he, she, they, it等）与前句建立连接关系。
　　2.指示代词。使用指示代词（this, that, these, those）与前句照应。
　　3.定冠词以及不定冠词。当某个话题一次出现，会使用冠词a, an。第二次出现时会使用定冠词the来进行指代。
　　例题1. .……Sometimes huge boulders of granite or some other exotic rock type, up to several meters across, were found embedded in it or were left on the surface after the surrounding material had been eroded away. These boulders had polished surfaces or were marked with distinctive scratches and grooves. (A) Drift, as this deposit came to be called, was clearly the result of a geologically recent event on a truly gigantic scale. (B) The nature of this event was hotly debated in the early 1800’s. (C)
　　European geologists like Jean de Charpentier and Jean Louis Agassiz developed the most widely accepted scientific theory of the origin of the drift. (D) This theory was based on an insight Agassiz had when he stood on a Swiss glacier in the 1830’s.Look at the four squares [] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.An important figure in this discussion was the eminent British geologist William Buckland, who argued that the drift was the remains of a global deluge—probably one of the great floods mentioned in the myths of many cultures.
　　看到这道题同学们是不是开始慌了呢？这不仅是一道跨段插入题，而且要求插入的句子也很长。那我们来一起看一看有没有什么快速有效的方法让我们搞定这道题目呢。首先我们一起仔细的阅读以下所要求插入的句子，一起来找一找这个句子中是否提供了一些解题的线索。相信很多同学发现了，这道题目中有一个非常明显的语法线索，就是这个指示代词this，后面跟了一个名词discussion。既然这里出现了this discussion，那么不明思议前面肯定也出现过一次discussion。那我们回到原文中进行顺度，就会发现在B选项后的一句话this event was hotly debated.....相信很多同学已经发现了这是一个同义替换。因此答案应该选择是C。
　　解题原则二：通过逻辑衔接解题
　　具体指的是那些可以表示逻辑概念的过渡词的衔接。这些过渡词能表示作者的思路和语篇意义的中心，恰当地使用过渡词能够增加文章的连贯性。根据过渡词的逻辑意义，可以分成以下几类：
　　1.表空间：above, adjacent to, beyond, on the left, opposite等。
　　2.表时间：first, second, formerly, previous, after, before等。
　　3.表举例：for example, for instance, as an illustration, that is等。
　　4.表比较：like, likewise, similarly, equally important等。
　　5.表对照：on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast to, whereas等。
　　6.表让步：although, nevertheless, however, but, yet, even though等。
　　7.表原因：because, as, since, for, owing to, on account of等。
　　8.表结果：so, thus, consequently, therefore, accordingly, hence等。
　　9.表递进：also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more等。
　　10.表结论：in conclusion, in short, finally, lastly, to sum up, to conclude等。
　　11.表强调：chiefly, indeed, in fact, certainly, most important, no doubt等。
　　例题2：(A) Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills. (B) Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. (C) In fact, tunas must swim to breathe. (D) They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.
　　Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water.
　　 这道题目虽然所要插入的句子很短，但是做错的同学却非常多。我们一起来分析一下这个句子。Consequently，tunas do not need to such in water.因此，金枪鱼不需要吸水。按照逻辑，肯定是因为某个原因才导致了这个结果。看原文，我们发现一句就说到，因为它们总是在游泳，金枪鱼只需要张开它们的嘴水就会进入它们的腮里面。这句话是否和因此，它们不去要吸水形成了一个逻辑连贯的因果关系。
　　第三类：通过词汇纽带解题
　　 这里我们不探讨同义替换这个概念，而是探讨一下题目中出现的一些小词。通过这些小词，我们可以非常简单地定位答案。下面我们来看一个例子。
　　例题3；Modern architectural forms generally have three separate components comparable to elements of the human body; a supporting skeleton or frame, an outer skin enclosing the interior spaces, and equipment, similar to the body's vital organs and systems. The equipment includes plumbing, electrical wiring, hot water, and air-conditioning. Of course in early architecture-such as igloos and adobe structures-there was no such equipment, and the skeleton and skin were often one.
　　However, some modern architectural designs, such as those using folded plates of concreter or air-inflated structures, are again unifying skeleton and skin.

　　 一看到这题，很多同学会把思路集中在however这个转折逻辑词上，然而通过逻辑解题对学生上下文的理解有比较高的要求，特别是对一些词汇量较弱的学生，如何在有限的词汇量下能更加有把握的解除题目呢。那我们再来找一下第二个思路。当我们在阅读所要插入的句子时，我们发现了这个单词again。文中说到了again unifying再一次统一了。言外之意前面肯定统一过一次了呗。那我们看一下原文，发现文章的后一句话提到the skeleton and skin were often one。这个were often one是不是就是统一，合二为一的概念呢。想必大部分同学都是能看懂这个部分的。既然统一过一次，那么again unifying就应该出现在这句之后。因此答案选D。