雅思段落大意配对题讲解分享

　　面对连上热搜的雅思，新形势下的阅读我们该怎么办。 作为考试圈的顶流 那么面对雅思阅读连续上热搜 新形势下的阅读我们该怎么办 今天我们来解密一下段落大意配对题。
　　畏惧指数
　　虽然该题型出题逻辑条理比较缜密，但也不可破。大量的8分段选手也证明了该题是完全可以攻破的，段落题目之所以难，是因为并不像细节题目一样，只要看个别句子就能解决问题，它需要同学们的归纳总结能力。
　　 那么，要如何快速阅读并拿下每段话的段落大意 答案是 掌握顺序词 ， 掌握段落框架 段落主旨句
　　段落主旨一般是人物观点等抽象的概念，细节内容则是具体的例子，会出现人,事,地,物等。 读段落的时候，由于受到词汇和时间的，并不需要匀速读完整段内容，而是应该学会分析段落结构，找到主题句。 原则是： scan首二位尾句，skim中间部分。 也就是，段落首尾要多花时间去理解，剩下的内容可以加快一点阅读速度。 下面，我将 以C6Test2Passage1的A段为例 ： In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics: 'The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favored.' He considers Portland, Oregon, a perfect example of this. Some years ago, federal money was granted to build a new road. However, local pressure groups forced a referendum over whether to spend the money on light rail instead. The rail proposal won and the railway worked spectacularly well. In the years that have followed, more and more rail systems have been put in, dramatically changing the nature of the city. Newman notes that Portland has about the same population as Perth and had a similar population density at the time. 这段话的一句是Newman的观点 ，他认为，采用哪一种交通运输方式的主要因素是政治，“决策越，公共交通就越容易受到支持。”
　　第二句话便引用了一个例子来论证这个观点，然后延续到整段话结束。 所以 这段话的核心内容都在一句话里面 ，同学们放心啃下这句话就成。 再看 C6Test4Passage3的D段： Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of theseverity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland in summer 1992, with a second pack, Supporting Schools Against Bullying, produced the following year. In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-Primary Schools was published in 1993. Third,there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something. This comes from carefully conducted ‘before and after' evaluations of interventions in schools, monitored by a research team. In Norway,after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation offorty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period, bullying was halved.The Sheffield investigation, which involved sixteen primary schools and seven secondary schools, found that most schools succeeded in reducing bullying. 不难看出， 这段话的一、句也是段落主旨 ，总述三个因素导致了这个变化，接下来用三个并列的分论点进行阐述。
　　我们继续看另一种情况，还是 拿C6Test2Passage1为例，其中C段 There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out where carsare the only viable transport. The example of European cities refutes that.They are often wealthier than their American counterparts but have notgenerated the same level of the car used. In Stockholm, car use has actually fallen in recent years as the city has become larger and wealthier. A new study makes this point even more starkly. Developing cities in Asia, such as Jakarta and Bangkok, make more use of the car than wealthy Asian cities such as Tokyo and Singapore. In cities that developed later, the World Bank and Asian Development Bank discouraged the building of public transport and people have been forced to rely on cars-creating the massive traffic jams that characterize those cities. 一眼看过去， 一句话也妥妥的是一个观点句，但仔细一看第二句话The exampleof European cities refutes that。 当中有一个否定词refute ，这样就把一个句子中大众观点给否定了， 同学们要避免落入考官的陷阱，误以为富裕使得人们越来越依赖汽车。 本篇中的E段 也有着同样的出题套路， It was once assumed that improvement in telecommunications would lead to more dispersal in the population as people were no longer forced into cities. However, the ISTP team’s research demonstrates that the population and job density of citiesrose or remained constant in the 1980s after decades of decline. The explanation for this seems to be that it is valuable to place people working inrelated fields together. ‘The new world will largely depend on humancreativity, and creativity flourishes where people come together face-to-face.’ 只是同学们会发现，这段话的 第二句话句首有个非常明显的转折连接词however，所以要 注意积累此类表示前后方向相反的“信号词” ：but, however, yet, while, otherwise, rather, whereas, nonetheless,nevertheless, refute。
　　还有一种特殊的情况要关注， 比如C6Test1Passage3的E段： While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people's health. Obesity, heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of hunting, trapping and preparing skins have begun to disappear. In Nunavut's 'igloo and email'society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land, there's a high incidence of depression. 与前面的段落不同， 这个段首句是个让步状语从句，后半句话的内容更为重要。整句话的意思：即使气候变化阻碍了狩猎和诱捕，因纽特人或许不会真的挨饿受冻，但气候变化的确影响了人们的健康。随即第二句话中便出现了具体的疾病名称，包括肥胖症，心脏病和糖尿病。遇到这种情况 要注意让步关系的连接词：

　　although, though, despite, while。 与总分结构相反的形式 也很常见， 比如C6Test4Passage1的F段， Free samples of new and expensive drugs might be the single most effective way of getting doctors and patients tobecome loyal to a product. Salespeople hand out hundreds of dollars' worth of samples each week -$7.2 billion worth of them in one year. Though few comprehensive studies have been conducted, one by the University of Washington investigated how drug sample availability affected what physicians prescribe. Atotal of 131 doctors self-reported their prescribing patterns- the conclusionwas that the availability of samples led them to dispense and prescribe drugs that differed from their preferred drug choice. 本段的结尾句有个很明显的总结：结论就是试用药的可获得性使得他们作出分发和开出不同于他们优选药品的选择。
　　再看 C6Test2Passage1的D段 ， Newman believes one of the best studies onhow cities built for cars might be converted to rail use is The Urban Villagereport, which used Melbourne as an example. It found that pushing everyone into the city centre was not the best approach. Instead, the proposal advocated the creation of urban villages at hundreds of sites, mostly around railway stations. 本段一共只有三句话，一句话是例子，后面两句话偏向总结的内容，尤其是后一句话的句首有个instead，这个转折词足以引起我们的。 细节内容
　　当然，不是所有的段落主旨句都是在段首尾处向你招手的，有些段落全段都是细节内容。在找不到主题句的时候，找核心词，尤其是重复出现的名词。
　　我们一起看下 C8Test4Passage1的D部分 ， It is remarkable that large, mixed-ability classes could be kept together for maths throughout all their compulsory schooling from 6 to 15. Teachers say that they give individual help at the end of a lesson or after school, setting extra work if necessary. In observed lessons, any strugglers would be assisted by the teacher or quietly seek help from their neighbour. Carefully fostered class identity makes pupils keen to help each other - anyway, it is in their interests since the class progressestogether. This scarcely seems adequate help to enable slow learners to keep up. However, the Japanese attitude towards education runs along the lines of 'if you work hard enough, you can do almost anything'.Parents are kept closely informed of their children's progress and will play apart in helping their children to keep up with class, sending them to'Juku' (private evening tuition) if extra help is needed and encouraging them to work harder. It seems to work, at least for 95 per cent of the school population. 这两段话频繁出现的名词便是help，我标黑体的内容虽然有一个是动词形式，一个是同义词assist，但基本含义都是“帮助”。
　　然后在这前后找到帮助的对象，无论是一段话中的strugglers，还是第二段中的slow learners，都指向学习稍差的学生。所以整段话的含义就是帮助后进生。 本篇还有一种情况 Section B ， Lower secondary schools in Japan cover three school years, from the seventh grade (age 13) to the ninth grade(age 15). Virtually all pupils at this stage attend state schools: only 3 per cent are in the private sector. Schools are usually modern in design, set well back from the road and spacious inside. Classrooms are large and pupils sit at single desks in rows. Lessons last for a standardised 50 minutes and are always followed by a 10-minute break, which gives the pupils a chance to let off steam. Teachers begin with a formal address and mutual bowing, and then concentrate on whole-class teaching. Classes are large - usually about 40 - and are unstreamed. Pupils stay in the same class for all lessons throughout the schooland develop considerable class identity and loyalty. Pupils attend the school in their own neighbourhood, which in theory removes ranking by school.In practice in Tokyo, because of the relative concentration of schools, there is some competition to get into the 'better' school in a particular area. 似乎在这两段话中找不到重复出现的名词，但我们会发现 这些黑体字虽然无共性，但却指向性一致。 关于pupils, schools,classrooms, teachers的描述都属于educational background。
　　以上这种情况就是 要注意积累上下义词了 。比如C7Test1Passage2的D段考过freshwater fish species, river ecosystems,soil quality, agricultural productivity等同于environment。 看完以上三种段落结构，同学们是否清楚一些如何快速掌握阅读段落主旨的技巧呢这既是一种有效的应试策略，更是针对学术文章的良好阅读方法，为将来海外的学习奠定坚实的基础。