雅思阅读机经海洋知识分享

　　下面小编跟大家一起了解雅思阅读机经-海洋知识分享，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
　　1A
　　A
　　The oceans of Earth cover more than 70 percent of the planets surface, yet, until quite recently, we knew less about their depthsthan we did about the surface of the moon. 地球上的海洋覆盖了超过70%的地球表面，然而，直到，相对于我们对月球表面的了解，我们对海洋的深处仍知之甚少。 Distant as it is the Moon has been far more accessible to study because astronomers long have been able to look at its surface, first with the naked eye and then with the telescope-both instruments that focus light. 尽管月球距离我们很远，但天文学家已经能够看到它的表面，先是用肉眼观测，然后是通过望远镜——这两种观测方式都是通过聚焦光线来实现的。 And, with telescopes tuned to different wavelengths of light， modern astronomers cannot only analyze Earth‘s atmosphere， but alsodetermine the temperature and composition of the Sunor other stars many hundreds of light-years away. 并且，通过望远镜调整不同波长的光，现代天文学家不仅可以分析地球的大气层，还可以确定太阳的温度和成分，或是其他数百光年远的恒星。 Until the twentieth century， however， no analogous（类似的） instruments were available for the studyof Earth‘s oceans: Light， which can travel trillions of miles through the vast vacuumof space， cannot penetrate very far in seawater.然而，直到二十世纪，没有类似的工具可以用来研究地球上的海洋:可以在广阔的真空中传播数亿万英里的光，却无法穿透到海水的深处
　　B
　　Curious investigators long have been fascinated by sound and the way it travels irwater. As early as 1490, Leonardo Da Vinci observed: "If you cause your ship to stop and place the head of a long tube in the water and place the outer extremity to your ear, you will hear ship sat a great distance from you.
　　好奇的研究者们长期以来着迷于声音及其在水中传播的方式。早在1490年达芬奇就提到:“如果你把船停下，将长管的一头放入水中，并将水面外的那段置于耳旁，你会听到距离你很远的船的声音。
　　In 1687, the first mathematical theory of sound propagation(传播) was published by Sir Isaac Newton in his Philosophiae Naturalis principia Mathematica.
　　1687年， Sir isaac newton爵士在他的《自然哲学的数学原理》一书中，发表了一个声音传播的数学理论。
　　Investigators were measuring the speed of sound in air beginning in the mid-seventeenth century， but it was not until 1826 that Daniel Colladon, a Swiss physicist, and Charles Sturm, a French mathematician, accurately measured its speed in water.

　　17世纪中期，研究人员们开始测量声音在空气中的传播速度，但是直到1826年，瑞士物理学家 Daniel colladon和法国数学家 Charles strum才准确测了出它在水中的传播速度。
　　Using a long tube to listen underwater（as Da Vinci had suggested）, they recorded how fast the sound of a submerged bell traveled across Lake Geneva. Their result-1,435 meters （1,569 yards） per second in water of 1.8 degrees Celsius（35 degrees Fahrenheit）-was only 3 meters per second off from thespeed accepted today.
　　使用长管来听水下的声音（像达芬奇曾经建议的那样），他们记录了水下铃声穿过日内瓦湖的速度。他们的结果是—一在1.8摄氏度（35华氏度）的水中，速度是每秒1，435米（1.569码）—只比今天所认为的速度差了3秒。
　　What these investigators demonstrated was that water-whether fresh or salt- is an excellent medium （传播媒介）for sound， transmitting it almost five times faster than its speed in air
　　研究人员的论证是，水——无论是淡水或咸水——是声音的媒介，声音在水中的传输速度几乎是在空气中的五倍。
　　C
　　In 1877 and 1878， the British scientist John William Strutt， third Baron Rayleighpublished his two-volume seminal work， The Theory of Sound， often regarded as marking the beginning of the modern study of acoustics.