托福听力做笔记使用技巧解读 托福阅读

　　对于托福听力考试来说，考生做笔记能力的重要性不言而喻。许多同学做不好听力并非素材难度太高生词太多听不懂在讲什么，而是听力材料中覆盖的信息量太大考生没法准确迅速地记录到笔记中。想要解决这个问题，学习一些实用的速记符号是很帮助的，下面就由小编来做具体介绍。
　　 托福听力做笔记实用速记符号介绍：等号 =等号 = 是小编首先要为大家介绍的一个速记符号，这个符号一般可以用来表示提到某事 refer to，或是发生某事 occur 之类的意思，来看实例：
　　听力原文：A concept that people make choices to describe a situation in a positive or negative way is referred to as word framing
　　速记展示：Word framing = ppl describe a situation in ? or X way
　　托福听力做笔记实用速记符号介绍：原因∵
　　∵这个符号大家在高中数学里应该学到过，表示原因，因为的意思，比如 Because, as a result of, due to, because of, owing to 等等，都可以用这个符号来替代，实例如下：
　　听力原文：Due to the increasing popularity of e-books, there has been a fall in paper book sales.
　　速记展示：∵↑ e-books, paper books $ ↓
　　托福听力做笔记实用速记符号介绍：所以∴
　　∴这个符号和上一个符号是对应的，表示所以，因此也就是 therefore 的含义，也是较为实用的一个符号，具体用法可以参考下面例子：
　　听力原文：Element 43 has radioactive decay, therefore element 43 doesn't last very long, which means if that ever had been present on earth, it would have decayed ages ago.
　　速记展示：Elem43 has radioa. decay ∴ it ≠ last long
　　托福听力做笔记实用速记符号介绍：结果 =>
　　这个符号表示某件事导致的结果，造成的后果等等，常用来替代有这类含义的词汇如 result in, lead to, contribute to, give rise to, cause 等，下面是具体例子：
　　听力原文：Carbon dioxide significantly contributes to global warming.
　　速记展示：CO => global warming
　　 托福听力做笔记实用速记符号介绍：否定≠这个符号大家应该不陌生，放到听力笔记当中可以用来表示 isn't, doesn't, don't, can't 等等表示各种否定含义的词汇，速记方法如下：
　　托福听力做笔记实用速记符号介绍：很多 / 大量
　　一个加号可以用来指代听力中出现的很多大量等描述，many, lots of, a great deal of 等都可以用 来代替，比如：
　　听力原文：Because potatoes have the ability to provide abundant and extremely nutritious food crop, no other crop grew in Northern Europe. As a result, the nutrition of the general population improved tremendously and population soared in the early 1800s.
　　速记展示：∵ potatoes /nutri crop/ vitamins => popul ↑ in Europe 1800s
　　托福听力做笔记实用速记符号介绍：更多
　　托福听力中出现比较的情况很多，既然一个加号指代很多，那么两个加号自然就是更多的意思了，而引申出来凡是出现对比的情况其实都可以考虑用 来替代，来看具体例子：
　　听力原文：Older and more experienced birds who nest in the high density shrub areas have significantly more offspring than those in low density areas, which suggests the choice of where to nest does have an impact on the number of chicks they have.

　　速记展示：older birds /nest in high多 按照上面的逻辑，3 个加号就可以用来表示高级了，特别是涉及数量的场合直接用它来替代就对了，比如：
　　听力原文：What was even more surprising were all the large organisms that lived down there. The most distinctive of these was something called the tube worm. Here, let me show you a picture. The tube of the tube worm is really, really long. They can be up to one and half meters long, and these tubes are attached to the ocean floor, pretty weird looking, huh?
　　速记展示：! special = tube warm /long/tubes attached to ocean floor
　　托福听力做笔记实用速记符号介绍：很少 / 短缺 -
　　既然有加号表示多，那么自然也应该有减号来表示少了，总之凡是出现数量少，或是短缺之类的含义比如 Little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of 等等，都可以直接用 - 来替代掉，看起来也简单易懂，来看具体例子：
　　听力原文：As I said the monsoon migrated itself, so there was less rain in the Sahara. The land started to get drier, which in turn caused huge decreases in the amount of vegetation, because vegetation doesn't grow as well in dry soil, right? And then, less vegetation means the soil can't hold water and the soil loses its ability to retain water when it does rain. So then you have less moisture to help clouds form, nothing to evaporate for cloud formation.
　　速记展示：
　　- rain in Sahara
　　land dry => vegetation ↓
　　-vegetation => soil ≠ hold water => -water to form cloud