何区分GMAT阅读和托福阅读的不同之处 英语学习

　　之前在文中有给各位童鞋介绍GMAT和托福，看到有朋友在后台跟帖回复也是特别兴奋，那么今天就给正打算备考的童鞋来说一说阅读部分吧。都说得阅读者得天下，由此看来阅读模块在英语类的考试中占分比还是很重要的，那么GMAT和托福的阅读在哪些地方有所不同呢？
　　一， 我们都知道这两者是出国类的考试，同样都以英语为基础。首先划开两者差异重要一点就是，GMAT是考逻辑思维的，托福是考语言能力的。一个是句子的理解基础之上的思维逻辑，一个是句子理解的语境语义，很明显这两者考察学生的侧重点就不一样。
　　二，从题量来看，GMAT阅读的文章一共有四篇，篇幅略短，文章出题3至4个左右，长的文章单词也不过四百多字。短文则两百多的词汇量。做题时间大概半个小时以内。而托福阅读文章则一共三篇，比GMAT要少一篇，题量每篇12个，要比GMAT多了一倍，文章单词量在1000个左右，做题时间则为1个小时。或许有些童鞋会认为GMAT阅读要比托福相对简单，至少从题量上来看会产生这样的感觉，然而并非如此，正如前面所说，GMAT文章都读懂了。可是一做题就是总是错，殊不知在GMAT里面有很多的长难句，这是做GMAT的难点之一，理解偏差稍微错一点就会题目做错，因此各位同学在练题的时候一定不能掉以轻心。
　　三， 现在进行一个具体案例具体分析，拿OG16的94题来讲解一下，题目如下
　　The passage implies that, in comparing four European countries, Duverger found that the voting rates of women and men were most different in the country in which women
　　(A) were most politically active
　　(B) ran for office most often
　　(C) held the most conservative political views
　　(D) had the most egalitarian relations with men
　　（E) had possessed the right to vote for the shortest time
　　根据题目中vote进行定位，文章中women voted less frequently与shortest time是匹配的，所以选E.但这个其实是一个小陷阱，很多同学会更根据原文直接照搬，容易错选C,题目中womenwere more conservative和选项中的 views conservative 并不是一回事。但很多童鞋就会根据文章的原词进行选项匹配。另外刚刚说的这道是属于推理题，需要根据文章的所表达的意思来进行分析和推断，因此选项中不会给出直接的答案，另外考官为了迷惑学生经常设置一些相似的选项，如果你没有真的理解文章中所表达的含义，那么在分析阶段就是出错。就是为什么很多同学总是做一道题错一道题，根本不知道原因在哪里，这样就浪费了很多出错成本。
　　我们再来看一段GMAT阅读。
　　After evidence was obtained in the 1920s that the universe is expanding, it became reasonable to ask: Will the universe continue to expand indefinitely, or is there enough mass in it for the mutual attraction of its constituents to bring this expansion to a halt? It can be calculated that the critical density of matter needed to brake the expansion and ‘close’ the universe is equivalent to three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter. But the density of the observable universe—luminous matter in the form of galaxies—comes to only a fraction of this. If the expansion of the universe is to stop, there must be enough invisible matter in the universe to exceed the luminous matter in density by a factor of roughly 70.
　　通过阅读会发现里面有很多生单词，对我们理解文章造成了较大的困难，而且句子与句子之间的关系比较紧凑，有大量的逻辑词，比如It can be calculated that，But，If，可以发现文章的逻辑关系主要由这些逻辑词串联起来。所以我们在读文章的时候通过逻辑词理清逻辑关系非常重要。总的来说这一段主要是提出问题，提出解决方法，方法的不足以及提出行的方法。我们再来看一道题
　　It can be inferred from information presented in the passage that if the density of the universe were equivalent to significantly less than three hydrogen atoms per cubic meter, which of the following would be true as a consequence?
　　A. Luminosity would be a true indicator of mass.
　　B. Different regions in spiral galaxies would rotate at the same velocity.
　　C. The universe would continue to expand indefinitely.
　　D. The density of the invisible matter in the universe would have to be more than 70 times the density of the luminous matter.
　　E. More of the invisible matter in spiral galaxies would have to be located in their nuclei than in their outer regions.

　　读题就可以发现，题干和选项就很长，这也增加了阅读的难度。通过梳理题干可知道，这道题问如果density不够会发生什么，而文中提到这样的density是为了解决首句的问题，而现在density不够，当然就是问题解决不了，所以应该要选C。我们可以看出选项的判断需要在原文的基础上进行推测，并非直接得来。