托福阅读考试的必备技能 托福备考

　　作为托福考试四项中不涉及听力能力的输入项，托福阅读其实是考生们相对容易拿分, 同时技巧性也比较强的一项。对于备考托福的学生来说，不管是作为托福小白刚刚接触托福考试，还是已经有数次托福考试经验的考生，都需要明确自己当前的水平，了解该阶段提分需要的必备技能，这样才能更有针对性地，更有效地备战考试。
　　从基础积累，到语言熟练，再到考试实战技巧习得这三个阶段是托福考生的必经之路，小启根据这个发展规律, 将我们的托福标准化课程分成三个阶段：Foundation（基础），Intermediate (强化)，突破（Advanced），先帮助考生打牢英语基础，然后强化英语能力，阶段帮考生增强考试实战技巧，三个阶段内外兼修，三管齐下。充分相信通过这三个阶段的学习，我们能够有梯度地，稳扎稳打，循序渐进地攻克托福低分！
　　今天小编就根据我们启德标准化课程的三个阶段，继续给大家分享一下我们启德阅读老师总结出的每个阶段的分数目标以及相应的核心技能。
　　一、Foundation阶段目标分数：15-19分
　　核心技能要求：
　　1、词汇：掌握四级词汇
　　2、语法：五种简单句结构和常见句子成分
　　3、基本关系判断：可以基本识别转折、并列，论证，因果、对比、指代等关系
　　二、Intermediate阶段目标分数：20-24分
　　核心技能要求：
　　1、阅读速度的培养：能够抓句子主干，快速读懂句子；避免重复阅读
　　2、细节分析：掌握细节题和排除题做题技巧；迅速进行信息定位和同义替换；识别选项陷阱
　　3、逻辑关系判断：掌握句子简化题做题技巧；细节题做题技巧 （因果关系，对比关系等）
　　4、主旨提取： 阅读段落首句，掌握文章小结题做题技巧
　　三、Advanced阶段目标分数：25-30分
　　核心技能要求：容纳了上两个阶段的能力
　　1、推断能力：掌握推断题&部分细节题做题技巧；理解文中重要逻辑关系和内容；有依据地进行判断
　　2、原文与选项的对照：选项对原文的同义替换识别；选项对原文的概括识别；选项对原文的推断识别
　　3、做题后错题的分析和反思：基于不同题型能力和技巧的错题分析和反思；针对反思做出的补救性练习方法
　　以上就是阅读三个阶段的分别目标和需要掌握的核心技能。希望大家能够正确分析自己所处的阶段，对症下药，有目标地提分。小伙伴们都get到了么？为了让大家及时更好的巩固以上知识点，小启还为同学们带来了阅读练习题，是一篇描述“斯堪纳维亚在中石器时代的特殊性；其与欧洲其他部分不同的原因”的历史类文章，难度整体中等，快速速练起来呀！
　　TPO 55 passage 1
　　Paragraph 4
　　Mesolithic cultures are much less well-defined elsewhere in Europe, partly because the climatic changes were less extreme than in southern Scandinavia and because there were fewer opportunities for coastal adaptation. In much of central Europe, settlement was confined to lakeside and riverside locations, widely separated from one another by dense forests. Many Mesolithic lakeside sites were located in transitional zones between different environments so that the inhabitants could return to a central base location, where for much of the year they lived close to predictable resources such as lake fish. However, they would exploit both forest game and other seasonal resources from satellite camps. For example, the archaeologist Michael Jochim believes that some groups lived during most of the year in camps along the Danube River in central Europe, moving to summer encampments on the shores of neighboring lakes. In areas like Spain, there appears to have been intensified exploitation of marine and forest resources. There was a trend nearly everywhere toward greater variety in the diet, with more attention being paid to less obvious foods and to those that require more complex processing methods than do game and other such resources.

　　Paragraph 4:
　　8. The phrase “confined to” in the passage is closest in meaning to
　　○ adapted to.
　　○ limited to.
　　○ expanded to.
　　○ located next to.
　　9. Select the TWO answer choices that are discussed in paragraph 4 as factors that explain why Mesolithic culture in Scandinavia developed differently from Mesolithic cultures in other parts of Europe. To receive credit, you must choose TWO answers from the answer choices.
　　○ Climate.
　　○ Population numbers.
　　○ The size of satellite camps.
　　○ The location of sites of human habitation.
　　10. The author includes the views of Michael Jochim for which of the following reasons?
　　○ To show that Mesolithic cultures in other parts of Europe were less well- defined than Mesolithic cultures in southern Scandinavia.
　　○ To help explain why it became necessary for Mesolithic populations to pay more attention to less obvious foods and foods requiring more complex processing.
　　○ To provide evidence that opportunities for coastal development were generally much greater in Central Europe than elsewhere in Europe
　　○ To support the idea that populations in Central Europe stayed in a central location much of the year but relocated to be closer to seasonal resources.