考研英语长难句攻克技巧 考研词汇

　　今天小编为大家准备了攻克考研英语长难句的方法讲解，希望对大家有所帮助，接下来跟小编一起来看看吧。
　　一、长难句
　　Properly used，these tests provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes these tests identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized，but there are many things they do not do.
　　 词的处理 ·
　　properly adv. 适当地；正确地；恰当地
　　comparable adj. 可比较的；比得上的、
　　identify vt. 确定；鉴定；识别，辨认出
　　potential n. 潜能；可能性；
　　previously adv. 以前；预先；
　　recognize vt. 认出，识别；承认
　　 句子翻译分析 ·
　　Properly used，these tests provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes these tests identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized，but there are many things they do not do.
　　这些测试如能恰当使用，就能提供一种快速的方法来获得有关许多人的可比性信息。有时这些测试能鉴别出一些学生，其较高的潜能过去一直没有被认可。但是也有很多东西是这些测试无法鉴别的。
　　①首句主干为主谓宾= they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. 修饰成分：properly used 为非谓语动词（V-ed形式）作状语，properly used = if/when they are properly used
　　②二句主干为but连接的并列句：they identify students, but there are many things. 修饰成分：sometimes 为时间状语；whose high potential has not been previously recognized 为定语从句，修饰students。
　　③they do not do 为省略关系词的定语从句，修饰many things。but there are many things they do not do 是翻译的难点所在。they 指代 these tests, do替代上文中出现过的identify.
　　二、长难句
　　In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.
　　 词的处理 ·
　　In general 一般而言
　　effectively adv. 有效地，生效地；有力地
　　quality n. 质量，[统计] 品质；特性；
　　measure vt. 测量；估量；权衡
　　precisely adv. 精确地；恰恰
　　define vt. 定义；使明确；规定
　　predict vt. 预报，预言；预知
　　 句子翻译分析 ·
　　In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.
　　一般来说，当所要测定的特征能很精确界定时，测试为有效;而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则差。
　　句子主干：the tests work most effectively when … and least effectively when …
　　修饰成分：
　　①in general 为介词短语充当状语，修饰整句话。
　　②when the qualities can be most precisely defined 和when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined 均为时间状语从句，分别修饰work most effectively 和 （work）least effectively
　　③to be measured 修饰the qualities, 译为：所要测定的特征
　　④what is to be measured or predicated 为when 引导的时间状语从句内所嵌套的主语从句，译为：索要测量或预测的东西
　　三、长难句
　　The information so obtained has，qualitatively，the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
　　 词的处理 ·
　　obtain vt. 获得
　　qualitatively adv. 定性地；从品质上讲
　　shortcomings n. 缺点；短处
　　advantage n. 优势；利益；有利条件
　　depend on / upon 依赖，依靠，取决于
　　evidence 证据，证明
　　experience n. 经验；经历；体验
　　concerning prep. 关于；就…而言
　　comparative adj. 比较的；相当的
　　validity n. [计] 有效性；效度；正确性
　　availability n. 可用性；有效性；实用性
　　 句子翻译分析 ·
　　The information so obtained has，qualitatively，the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
　　这样得到的信息，从性质上讲，与其它种类的信息一样具有优点或缺点。因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者兼用，取决于有关相对效度的经验方面的证据，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。
　　①首句主干= the information/ has /the same advantages and shortcomings. 修饰成分：so obtained 为非谓语动词（v-ed）修饰the information; the same … as other kinds of information 为advantages and shortcomings 的修饰成分。qualitatively 为副词，做插入语，修饰整句话。
　　②二句主干=主谓宾=whether to use A, B or C depends upon the evidence and upon factors； A = tests; B= other kinds of information; C=both. 修饰成分：in a particular situation 修饰use …；therefore 为句子主干的插入语，一般汉语译为“因此”放在句首；the evidence /from experience /concerning comparative validity为层层修饰关系；其中from experience修饰the evidence; concerning comparative validity 修饰experience。译为：有关相对效度的经验方面的证据=来自相对效度的经验方面的证据。
　　③such factors as cost and availability 核心词为factors; such factors as cost and availability译为：诸如费用和来源有无等因素。availability 本义为可用性，结合语境译为“是否可用、有无来源”均可。
　　四、长难句
　　Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. Standardized tests provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned，the skills he has developed，or the kind of person he is.
　　 词的处理 ·
　　score n. 分数
　　available adj. 可获得的；可购得的；可找到的
　　incomplete adj. 不完全的
　　be subject to sth. 受支配，从属于；常遭受…
　　be subject to error 容易犯错
　　standardized adj. 标准化的
　　objective adj. 客观的
　　 句子翻译分析 ·
　　Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error. Standardized tests provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned，the skills he has developed，or the kind of person he is.
　　任何/所有仔细记分数的人都知道，所得到的信息总是不完全的，而且这些预测也总是会有错误的。标准化测试提供了快速、客观地得到某些信息的方法，这些信息是有关一个人所学到的知识、他所获得的技能，或者他是属于哪一类型的人。
　　①首句主干为“主谓宾”结构= anyone knows that … and that …；修饰成分：who keeps careful score 为定语从句，修饰anyone ，译为“的”结构即可。that the information is always incomplete 为宾语从句1；that the predictions are always subject to error 为宾语从句2
　　②二句主干= 主谓宾：Standardized tests provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information. 修饰成分：about what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is 为介词短语修饰information；what a person learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is 为介词bout的宾语，其中what a person learned 为宾语从句，he has developed 为省略关系词的定语从句修饰the skills

　　五、长难句
　　How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
　　 词的处理 ·
　　prediction n.预测
　　validate vt. 证实，验证；确认；
　　amount n. 数量；总额
　　reliability n. 可靠性
　　appropriateness n. 适当；适合
　　wisdom n. 智慧，才智；
　　interpret vt. 说明；口译
　　 句子翻译分析 ·
　　How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
　　这些预测在多大程度上为的后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
　　①句子主干：主语从句 谓 宾=How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon 宾语1: the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and （depends）on宾语2：the skill and wisdom.
　　②修饰成分：used 修饰the information, 译为：采用的、使用的；with which it（it = the information） is interpreted 为定语从句，修饰the skill and wisdom译为“的”结构。