雅思词汇和表达用语分享

　　牛津大辞典也增加了一些新的词汇和表达用语，经过精心的整理，分为上下两期，为准备考雅思的同学们提供新的材料，希望对同学们能有所帮助。
　　The OED’slexicographershave noticed a rise in the use of specialist medical terms and new acronyms, such asWFHandPPE.The first noted usage ofworking from homewas in 1995, but Paton notes that “the abbreviation was known to very few before it became a way of life for so many of us”. The abbreviationPPE, for personal protective equipment, dates back to 1977 but was “formerly probably restricted to healthcare and emergency professionals”.
　　注意到，专业医疗术语和新首字母缩略词的使用有所上升，如居家办公和个人防护装备。1995年，人们首次注意到在家办公的用法，但帕顿指出，“在居家办公成为我们许多人的生活方式之前，很少有人知道这个缩写”。个人防护用品的缩写PPE可以追溯到1977年，但“以前可能只有医护和急救专业人员使用”。
　　Social distancing, first used in 1957, “was originally an attitude rather than a physical term, referring to analoofnessor a deliberate attempt to distance oneself from others socially. Now we all understand it as keeping a physical distance between ourselves and others to avoid infection,” wrote Paton.
　　社交隔离一词于1957年首次被使用。帕顿写道，“（这个词）早指的是一种态度，而非一种行为，其意思是出于冷漠或者特定目的而使自己与社会保持距离。如今，我们都把该词理解为使我们自己和其他人之间保持身体上的距离，从而防止感染。”

　　Previous pandemics have also given rise to new vocabulary. Usage of“pestilence”, or “a fatal epidemic or disease”, first appears in 1382, not long after the bubonic plague peaked in Europe between 1347 and 1351. The adjective“self-quarantined”was first used in 1878 to describe the actions of the villagers of Eyam in the 17th century, who isolated themselves to prevent the second wave of “Black Death” from spreading to surrounding villages.
　　此前的大流行病也曾催生过新的词汇。“瘟疫”一词或“一种致命的传染病或疾病“这种说法首次出现在1382年，就在1327年至1351年欧洲鼠疫达到高峰期不久。形容词“自我隔离的”于1878年被首次使用，该词被用于描述17世纪英国伊姆村民的行为，他们将自己隔离起来，来防止第二波“黑死病”蔓延到周围村庄。