英语四级一些语法的定义和作用

　　今天小编为备考的同学们整理了英语四级一些语法的定义和作用，希望可以为大家带来帮助，预祝大家高分通过，和小编一起来看看吧！
　　连词成句，是语言的规矩和法则
　　语法的功用·
　　句子的结构：陈述句、长难句、复杂句、简单句等
　　简化：一个句子（简单句）、多个句子（复合句）
　　基础语法（简单句、并列句、复合句、特殊用途的句）
　　简单句：（五种）
　　描述一件事情的句子
　　主语 谓语（实义）
　　n. v.
　　n. 谓语 v. （vi，vt）
　　一主一谓，谓语动词的不同决定简单句的不同构成。
　　例：
　　youjump，I jump.
　　Ilike Chinese.
　　区分 vt./vi.
　　（是否能带宾语）
　　1)意思
　　2)介词（prep.）
　　I like Chinese.
　　Thebride kissed the groom.
　　Wewalked on the street yesterday.
　　Youlook at me.
　　介宾结构 （主谓宾）
　　Theyoffered me a vacant post（职位）.
　　Theyoffered a vacant post tome.
　　Ibought you a present.
　　Ibought a present for you.
　　Ifind HongKong very beautiful.
　　Ifind HongKong a place for shopping.
　　我非常高兴。
　　Ivery happy.
　　Iam very happy.
　　主系表
　　系动词
　　1.be 动词 （单独）
　　amis are
　　lam a student.
　　2.“变得” get become turn go grow
　　3.感官动词 look sound smell taste feel
　　“看 / 听 / 闻 / 尝 / 感觉起来……”
　　4.keep /remain / seem/ appear
　　1.I ask you a question. 主谓双宾
　　2.You answer. 主谓
　　3.I love you. 主谓宾
　　4.You make my life complete.主谓宾补
　　5.I am happy. 主系表
　　简单句的变化
　　（一）谓语动词的变化：
　　1.时态：
　　（现在和之前的关系）
　　一般过去时 Simple Past
　　形式：V.过去式(did/was/were)
　　用法：过去的事、过去的动作（无关现在）
　　例子：
　　Hewas a student.
　　Heliked music.
　　Shehad a boyfriend.
　　变否定或疑问：
　　Hewas happy.
　　Heliked English.
　　Hewas not happy.
　　Hedid not like English.
　　Washe happy?
　　Didhe like English?
　　Howwas he?
　　Whatdid he like?
　　补充：
　　V．过去式 V．过去分词
　　looklooked looked
　　buybought bought
　　seesaw seen
　　eatate eaten
　　V．过去式 V．过去分词
　　一般过去时 完成时
　　被动语态
　　不作谓语
　　一般现在时 Simple Present
　　形式：V.原形/V.第三人称单数（do/does）
　　Youlike English.
　　Helikes English.
　　用法：
　　1.现在经常性习惯性的动作
　　Wehave the English class every day.
　　Heoften gets up late.
　　2.现在的状态
　　Iam a teacher.
　　Weare in China.
　　3.永恒
　　Theearth is round.
　　Theearth moves around the sun.
　　Knowledgeis power.
　　Practicemakes perfect.
　　变否定或疑问：
　　Heis happy.
　　Youlike English.
　　Helikes English.
　　Heis not happy.
　　Youdo not like English.
　　Hedoes not like English.
　　Ishe happy?
　　Doyou like English?
　　Doeshe like English?
　　Howis he?
　　Whatdo you like?
　　Whatdoes he like?
　　补充：
　　与频率连用(every, once a week, twice a month, three times a …)
　　always
　　usually,often, frequently
　　sometimes,occasionally
　　seldom,hardly
　　never
　　一般将来时 Simple Future
　　形式：will / am / is /are going to V. 原形
　　用法：将来的事（现成的将来）
　　Iwill make a new plan tomorrow.
　　Weare going to study abroad next year.
　　变否定或疑问：
　　Hewill leave.
　　Heis going to leave.
　　Hewill not leave.
　　Heis not going to leave.
　　Willhe leave
　　Ishe going to leave?
　　Whatwill he do?
　　Whatis he going to do?
　　过去将来时 Past Future
　　形式：would / was / were /are going to V. 原形

　　用法：将来的事（过去的将来）
　　Isaid that I would become a cook in the future.
　　Tonyfinished his work, and then he would leave for London.
　　3种进行时 Progressive Tense
　　At10 o’clock yesterday some students were taking an exam in their classrooms.
　　Weare taking about the water pollution.
　　Agreat many candidates will be meeting here at this time tomorrow.
　　现在完成时
　　形式：have/has done
　　用法：
　　现在全部完成 He has left.
　　现成部分完成 We have studied English for ten years.
　　过去完成时
　　形式：had done
　　用法：过去的之前
　　Whenhe got there, she had left. She was not there.
　　完成进行时=“完成” “进行”=**时间的之前，强调进行的过程
　　完成时 vs. 完成进行时
　　They_____ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we arestill
　　workingon it as no good results _____ so far.
　　A.have been working; have come out
　　B.had worked; came out
　　C.had been working; have come out
　　D.have worked; are coming out
　　答案：C
　　2.语态：
　　n. v.
　　动词的时态
　　动词的语态
　　动词的情态
　　谓语动词的变化 语态
　　被动语态
　　狗吃了那个蛋糕。
　　Thedog ate the cake.
　　?吃了那个蛋糕。
　　蛋糕被吃了。
　　狗吃了那个蛋糕。
　　主语 宾语
　　蛋糕被狗吃了。
　　被动语态适用范围 1：及物动词。
　　2：不及物动词 介词。
　　被动语态
　　be done
　　被动的时间 被动的动作
　　备注：
　　1.be 表示被动的时间（把 be 变成对应的各种形态），还表达主语单复数
　　2.done 表示被动的动作
　　教室每天都打扫。
　　Classroomsare cleaned (clean) every day.
　　一座新的大楼去年建造的。
　　Anew building was built (build) last year.
　　与时态相结合
　　被动语态 be done
　　他每天被打。He is beaten every day.
　　他昨天被打了。He was beaten yesterday.
　　他明天将要被打。He will be beaten tomorrow.
　　他现在正在被打。He is being beaten. (现在经行时的被动am/is/are being done）
　　他现在已经被打了。He has been beaten. (现在完成时的被动 have/has been done)
　　Ourmorning paper is read (read) by over 200,000 people every day.
　　Lastnight my favorite TV program was interrupted (interrupt) by a special news
　　bulletin.
　　Hisbike will be repaired (repair) by his grandfather tomorrow.
　　Thenew machine has been used (use) in our factory for two week.
　　与情态动词相结合
　　被动语态 be done
　　Planesare heard.
　　Planescan be heard.
　　Planescould be heard.
　　Planesmay be heard.
　　Planes must be heard.