托福写作复习要点分享给你们

　　春天已经到来了！今年的你立下新的flag没有？历经改革的托福阅读、口语、听力都有变动，唯有写作不动如钟。所以不用担心之前的练习打折扣，那么问题来了，写作这种题型提分难怎么办？Don't worry，小编今天手把手教你提分！
　　一、写作分类
　　托福写作分两部分——独立写作和综合写作。
　　独立写作难度较小，题型一般有三种： 二选一 这是独立作文常见的问题类型。 一个话题的两个方面，需要你选择一方并给出支持它的原因和示例。 论证二者优劣与一种不同的是，这一类型的题目不需要你做出选择，只需讨论二者的优劣，提供示例做出论述。
　　多选 这个类别相比上面两类较少见到。 提供一个广泛的主题，包含很多可能或意见，需要你表明立场。 综合写作 综合写作难度较大，包含阅读、听力和写作的综合考量。作文没有固定的主题范围，但好在写作要求都很相似。一般会要求考生总结讲座中的要点，并与阅读部分进行对比。
　　在这一环节，一定要注意不要讨论自己的观点，而是要从讲座和阅读中获取和转述信息。 综合写作需要对阅读要点和听力材料做好笔记。针对记录的要点，对比阅读和听力的关系，组织文章的思路。 使用特定的表述。在综合部分一定注意不要将听力材料或阅读原文复制到你的文章中，而是要重新组织语言，用自己的话表达材料的主要观点（不要强行画蛇添足）。
　　二、写作技巧
　　综合写作的技巧如下
　　边看边记托福考试中，会要求阅读一篇学术论文作为考试的前提。在这一部分，阅读一篇250到300个单词的学术文章，并在短时间内对阅读段落的要点做笔记。下面是阅读段落时应该记住的关键信息。
　　例：
　　It is common knowledge that forecasting is an attempt by meteorologists to determine what weather will be like in the future. Hindcasting is the opposite of forecasting, an attempt to determine what weather was like in the past. Meteorologists wish that records of weather had been kept in full for at least a few millennia, but it has been only in the last century that detailed records of the weather have been kept. Thus, meteorologists need to hindcast the weather, and they do so by using all sorts of information from other fields as diverse as archeology, botany, geology, literature, and art. These pieces of information from other fields that are used as a basis for drawing conclusions about what the weather must have been like at some point in the past are called proxies.
　　阅读时对主题和要点做笔记：
　　Topic of Listening Passage:
　　hindcasting (trying to determine what weather was like in the past)
　　Main points about hindcasting:
　　detailed weather records kept for less than a century
　　proxies (information from various other fields) used to hindcast weather
　　边听边记这一部分会听一篇1到2分钟学术文章，在听的过程中对要点进行记录。
　　例：
　　(professor):Now let me talk about how hindcasting was used in one particular situation. This situation has to do with the weather in seventeenth-century Holland. It appears, from proxies in paintings from the time by numerous artists, that the weather in Holland in the seventeenth century was much colder than it is today. Seventeenth-century paintings show really cold winter landscapes with huge snow drifts and ice skaters skating on frozen canals. Since it's unusual today for snow to drift as high as it is in the paintings and for the canals to freeze over so that skaters can skate across them as they are in the paintings, these paintings appear to serve as proxies that demonstrate that the weather when the paintings were created in the seventeenth century was much colder than it is today.
　　笔记：
　　Topic of Listening Passage:paintings that are proxies showing weather in 17th-century Holland colder than today
　　Details:in 17th-century paintings showing colder weather :
　　- huge snow drifts higher than today's drifts
　　- on canals that are not frozen today
　　写作前规划拿到一个作文题目记得进行头脑风暴：能写些什么？对这个话题有什么看法？有哪些个人经验？有没有了解的专业知识或者新闻？
　　例：
　　Question：
　　How does the information in the listening passage about the weather in seventeenth-century Holland shed light on the information on hindcasting in the reading passage?
　　Reading Passage= A technique used by meteorologists
　　Topic Of Reading Passage:hindcasting (trying to determine what weather wae like in the past)
　　Main points about hindcasting:
　　- detailed weather records kept for less than a century
　　- proxies (information from various other fields) used to hindcast weather
　　Listening Passage= An example of the technique
　　Topic of listening passage:paintings that are proxies showing weather in 17th-century Holland colder than today
　　Details in 17th-century paintings showing colder weather:
　　- huge snow drifts higher than today's drifts
　　- skaters on canals that are not frozen today
　　主题陈述
　　Look at this information from the integrated writing task on hindcasting and the weather in seventeenth-century Holland.
　　Reading Passage= a technique used by meteorologists
　　Topic of listening passage:hindcasting (trying to determine what weather was like in the past)
　　Listening Passage= an example of the technique
　　Topic of listening passage:paintings that are proxies showing weather in 17th-century Holland colder than today
　　段落辅助在开始写作之前先研究笔记，在写的时候要考虑段落辅助，去介绍每一段的中心思想，并且有足够的细节去支撑中心的成立。
　　Topic of listening passage:hindcasting (trying to determine what weather was like in the past)
　　main points about hindcasting:
　　detailed weather records kept for less than a century
　　proxies (information from various other fields) used to hindcast weather
　　The reading passage discusses the technique?of hindcasting, which is a method used by meteorologists to try to determine what the weather ?match?was like in the past. One point that is made about this meteorological metho is that detailed??match??weather records have not been kept for long. As a result, meteorologists have had to find another way to determine what the weather was like in the past. They developed a method of hindcasting using proxies, which are pieces of information from other fields.

　　分类练习ETS发布的作文主题就足够练习，不需额外找题目做。对于给出的作文题目合集，小伙伴们可以按照文章类别、题目类型等方式分类练习。
　　写作时怕跑题，如果材料中有不熟悉的单词，尽量通过上下文猜测含义，而不是写一些与主题无关的句子，擦边球会降低你的分数。隔一段时间重写某一主题，能够更好的分析出进步和不足，强化练习。
　　检查细节
　　小编想说的是，即使是母语为英语的人，写一篇文章也会无可避免的出现错误，更何况是用电脑输入的我们。所以在保存之前检查语法和单词是对高分之后的挣扎，细节就是分数！如果能给其他人——尤其是母语是英语的朋友来看你的文章，除了修正你忽视的错误，能够学到更高级和地道的表达也是很赚了。