托福考试中精选句子分析

　　今天小编为大家分享的是托福考试中精选句子分析，希望通过这篇文章的学习对你们有所帮助，大家要认真掌握哦!下面跟随小编一起学习吧！
　　The Akkadians conquered the Sumerians around the middle of the third millennium B.C.E., and they took over the various cuneiform signs used for writing Sumerian and gave them sound and word values that fit their own language.The Babylonians and Assyrians did the same, and so did peoples in Syria and Asia Minor. The literature of the Sumerians was treasured throughout the Near East, and long after Sumerian ceased to be spoken, the Babylonians and Assyrians and others kept it alive as a literary language, the way Europeans kept Latin alive after the fall of Rome. For the scribes of these non-Sumerian languages, training was doubly demanding since they had to know the values of the various cuneiform signs for Sumerian as well as for their own language.
　　句子分析
　　1. The Akkadians conquered the Sumerians around the middle of the third millennium B.C.E., andthey took over the various cuneiform signs (used for writing Sumerian) and gave them sound and word values (that fit their own language.)
　　本句由两个并列句构成，由and连接
　　（1）The Akkadians conquered the Sumerians around the middle of the third millennium B.C.E.
　　（2）they took over the various cuneiform signs and gave them sound and word values
　　括号中的成分为定语，used for writing Sumerian是非谓语作定语修饰signs; that fit their own language是定语从句修饰sound and word values
　　2. The literature of the Sumerians was treasured throughout the Near East, / and long after Sumerian ceased to be spoken, the Babylonians and Assyrians and others kept it alive as a literary language, the way Europeans kept Latin alive after the fall of Rome.
　　本句仍然包含两个并列句：
　　（1）The literature of the Sumerians was treasured throughout the Near East,
　　（2）andlong afterSumerian ceased to be spoken,the Babylonians and Assyrians and others kept it alive as a literary language, the way Europeans kept Latin alive after the fall of Rome.
　　第二句稍微复杂。
　　Long after…连接的是时间状语从句，意为“人们不再说Sumerian这种语言很久以后”；
　　主句是the Babylonians and Assyrians and others kept it alive as a literary language，意为“B （abylonians）和A（Assyrians）还有其他人使S（Sumerian）这种语言作为书写语言保留了下来”；
　　后面the way…作为同位语，修饰这种将语言保留为文字的方式，而the way后面的成分 (that) Europeans kept Latin alive after the fall of Rome 是省略了that的定语从句，指欧洲人在罗马衰落后保存拉丁语的方式。
　　也就是说，E（欧洲人）保存拉丁语和B（Babylonians）、A（Assyrians）及其他人保存S语的方式相同：不在口头交际中使用，而作为书写文字使之流传下来。
　　Tips：
　　长难句分析的重点就是找到句子的主干结构，可以重点关注以下两点：
　　连接词，eg. and，关注连接词连接的成分是句子还是短语，从而区分并列句；
　　动词，关注动词是位于主句还是从句，是作谓语还是非谓语。
　　语言知识
　　1. around
　　在…周围，此处意味大约，可以加数字，表示不确定
　　同义替换：approximately, about
　　注意approximately的使用：
　　The journey took approximately eight hours. 旅程大约花了七个小时。
　　2. doubly
　　Double 的副词形式
　　（1）双重地、两方面地
　　The new tax and the drop in house values make homeowners feel doubly penalised.
　　新的税制及房价的下跌让房主觉得受了双重打击。
　　（2）更加、越发地、加倍地（也是在文中的含义，双倍其实就有更加、加倍的含义，联系记忆）
　　3. demanding
　　Demand是需求，demanding是形容词，意为：要求高的、费时费力的；难伺候的，挑剔的
　　The contents of the earliest clay tablets are simple notations of numbers of commodities—animals, jars, baskets, etc. Writing, it would appear, started as a primitive form of bookkeeping. Its use soon widened to document the multitudinous things and acts that are involved in daily life, from simple inventories of commodities to complicated governmental rules and regulations.
　　语言知识
　　widen
　　v. 扩大，加宽
　　常见搭配：
　　（1）widen from...由…拓宽 / widen into…拓宽为…
　　At this point, the river widens into an estuary. 这条河在这里变宽，形成河口湾。
　　（2）widen to…扩大至…
　　The trade deficit had widened from ￡26 billion to ￡30 billion. 贸易逆差已由260 亿英镑扩大到了300 亿英镑。
　　同义替换：broaden, expend, extend
　　反义词：narrow, 缩小差距：narrow the gap between…
　　Archaeologists frequently find clay tablets in batches. The batches, some of which contain thousands of tablets, consist for the most part of documents of the types just mentioned: bills, deliveries, receipts, inventories, loans, marriage contracts, divorce settlements, court judgments, and so on. These records of factual matters were kept in storage to be available for reference-they were, in effect, files, or, to use the term preferred by specialists in the ancient Near East, archives. Now and then these files include pieces of writing that are of a distinctly different order, writings that do not merely record some matter of fact but involve creative intellectual activity. They range from simple textbook material to literature-and they make an appearance very early, even from the third millennium B C E.

　　句子分析
　　These records of factual matters were kept in storage to be available for reference-they were, in effect, files, or, to use the term preferred by specialists in the ancient Near East, archives.
　　这句话需要注意的是“-”这个符号后面的句子。英语中的“-”相当于中文中的破折号“——”，符号后面的内容是对前面的内容进行解释说明。
　　这句话首先说了这些记录被储藏起来用于查阅参照，而符号后面则以“they”作为主语进行解释，they指的就是“-”前说的records。
　　Records是什么呢？再看符号后这句话：
　　They were, (in effect,) files, or, (to use the term preferred by specialists in the ancient Near East,) archives.
　　这句话难点在于有两个插入语，其中一个巨长。去掉插入语的话，这句话主句就是They were files or archives.
　　再看这个巨长的插入语：to use the term (preferred by specialists in the ancient Near East)
　　To use the term 是主干，preferred by specialists in the ancient Near East是非谓语作定语修饰term，理解为专家们喜欢使用的术语
　　综上，整句话理解为：这些记录实际上是files，或者用专家们喜欢使用的术语来说，是archives.
　　语言知识
　　1. batch
　　n.一批，一组，一群
　　常见搭配：a batch of…
　　2. in effect
　　（1）在本文中与in fact, in reality同义，表示实际上，写作时可以相互替换。
　　（2）（法律）生效：The law is already in effect.
　　3. now and then
　　直接看英英释义：sometimes, but not regularly or often，有时，不是很频繁
　　4. make an appearance
　　英英释义：When someone makes an appearance at a public event or in a broadcast, they take part in it. 出席，文中可以理解为出现
　　 TEA英语下午茶