高效备考托福阅读心得分享

　　托福考试改革已经实施近两个月了，不少近期考托的同学们可能都意识到了托福阅读中的明显变化。除了时间变短，题目变少之外，还有个非常明显的变化就是托福阅读的段落越来越长，这也给大家的定位原文带来了更大的难度。如何在备考中调整方法适应更有挑战性的托福阅读考试 ? 下面小编就来为大家分享高效备考心得。
　　 托福阅读考试难度变化分析托福考试改革后阅读部分算是变化比较大的一个科目。其别明显的一个改变就是阅读文章的段落长度有所增加，每一个段落里包含的信息更多，大家想要准确定位到题目涉及的内容越来越困难，那些曾经毫不费力就找到定位的题目一去不复返了。
　　所以从某种程度上来说，阅读的难度较之前是有上升趋势的，因为去掉的题目中有一半是可以做到秒选的词汇题，另外一部分是相对比较容易的事实题和其他题型。去掉的都是容易的，留下的都是难啃的题目，面临这样的新挑战，大家就需要调整备考策略，做到更有科学针对性地备考。
　　如何根据改革调整托福阅读备考计划 ?
　　1. 词汇方面依然不能放松
　　虽然词汇题减少了一半，在总题数中的相对占比量减少，但并不意味着词汇题不重要。词汇作为语言学习中基础的敲门砖一定要扎实好。去掉的词汇题相对也容易一些，所以词汇题的备考必不可少。小编君在这里推荐两款备考神器：
　　a. 托福。里面的阅读部分有一个按题型练习，里面有 699 道词汇题，这些词汇题就是 ETS 模考套题 TPO 中的词汇题的汇总，但是这些词汇是在真题中会大量重复考的，大概占每场正式考试词汇题的一半甚至以上，所以克服词汇题的一步就是先把这 699 词汇题完成，查缺补漏 ;
　　b. 小编每次考试前都会持续发布的词汇预测。这个是针对 699 的词汇进行的补充，这个预测词汇库是 17 年的词汇题的汇总，而根据这套词汇库汇总，大家可以发现 2019 年的考试，重复旧题多的是 2017 的旧题，所以这个预测词汇库可以说是非常有针对性的备考素材。各位考托的同学可以充分利用起来。
　　 2. 理解方面要注重段落的结构和信息的归纳刚刚小编已经说过，托福考试改革之后，托福阅读的很多题目对应的段落都变得特别长。但题目方面大部分情况下却依然是一段出 1-2 道题，有些时候，很长的段落可能也就考一道题，而这种题目考综合事实性质的题型的概率比较高，所以对整体的段落结构和主要内容大家要有一个清晰的把握。比如下面这个段落：
　　Most amphibians do not exhibit parental care. This observation suggests that parental care has costs to the parents that may outweigh the enhanced survival of offspring. Reduced reproductive output is one cost of parental care. Species that exhibit parental care usually produce fewer eggs per clutch than related species that do not have parental care. Furthermore, time and energy spent on parental care may limit opportunities for additional matings. Another cost may be decreased food intake for the caring parent. Parents typically do not eat when they are guarding nests or eggs, and females that remain with their clutch produce fewer clutches overall than do females that do not remain with their clutch. Reduced rates of parental survival are another potential cost of parental care. Remaining with the eggs could increase an individual ’ s vulnerability to predation. Because most amphibians are small and have ineffective defenses against vertebrate predators, parental care could increase the risks of the parents ’ death and might not save their eggs or young.

　　这是一篇 2016.11.13 的原题，是一个相对比较新的真题库文章。这个段落就考了一个非常综合的事实题，具体题目如下：
　　According to paragraph 5, providing parental care is associated with which of the following?
　　A. More clutches produced per female
　　B. Less danger to parents from predators
　　C. More food needed by caregiving parents
　　D. Fewer eggs produced per clutch
　　针对这个题目，大家如果想要按照常规做法，通过关键词比如 parental care 去找定位，就会发现整段都在讲 parental care，定位很难找。这个时候大家需要把整体的段落结构梳理一下，可能整段内容会看得更清楚一些，比如：
　　Most amphibians do not exhibit parental care. This observation suggests that parental care has costs to the parents that may outweigh the enhanced survival of offspring ( 论证 parental care 利大于弊 ) . Reduced reproductive output is one cost of parental care. ( 一个坏处：繁殖量减少 ) Species that exhibit parental care usually produce fewer eggs per clutch than related species that do not have parental care. ( 该句话是上一句话的展开 ) Furthermore, time and energy spent on parental care may limit opportunities for additional matings. ( 第 2 个坏处：了 mating 的机会 ) Another cost may be decreased food intake for the caring parent. ( 第 3 个坏处：吃的食物减少 ) Parents typically do not eat when they are guarding nests or eggs, and females that remain with their clutch produce fewer clutches overall than do females that do not remain with their clutch. ( 针对上面小观点的展开 ) Reduced rates of parental survival are another potential cost of parental care. ( 第 4 个坏处：减少 parental 存活率 ) Remaining with the eggs could increase an individual ’ s vulnerability to predation. Because most amphibians are small and have ineffective defenses against vertebrate predators, parental care could increase the risks of the parents ’ death and might not save their eggs or young. ( 针对第 4 个点的展开 )
　　这样分析了段落之后，整体的结构就非常青楚了，然后再去对应选项会发现，A,B,C 都跟原文的几个小观点反了，直接选 D，对应上了一个小观点。是不是这样答案一目了然多了。