托福听力考满分容易吗 托福阅读

　　想要让自己的托福成绩更加有竞争力，我们要让自己的听力部分和阅读部分尽量满分。很多童鞋觉得托福听力语速很快，篇章很长，听力内容又涵盖了很多学科，所以很难全部听清楚。所以我想分享一下我提高英语听力并且达到托福听力满分的一些心得。托福听力怎样快速提高呢？我觉得英语听力水平 托福听力技巧同样重要。
　　首先介绍一下托福听力。托福听力一般是两到三个部分，每个部分由一段对话和两个讲座组成，每个部分音频大约是20分钟，答题时间是10分钟。如果遇到加试，考生将多听一个部分的20分钟录音，内容也是一段对话和两个讲座。听力第三部分加试一般会从现成的加试题库里选取，文末会提供托福听力经典加试题资料。
　　英语听力水平不难提高。但是我们需要每天花一点点时间，并且坚持尽可能久的时间多听。“泛听 精听”是我提高英语听力的方法，我觉得效果很好。泛听就是戴上耳机听各种英语材料，如VOA，新概念英语三或者四，BBC，托福听力原题或者你能找到的任何常速的英语音频。在听的过程中尽量集中精力，能听懂多少算多少，但是不用花其他时间深究，一直往下听就行。常速是因为托福听力比较快，所以只有在考前多听常速英语音频，才能让自己习惯这个语速。我有好一阵时间，每天晚上躺在床上之后，就戴上耳机播放新概念英语3，一直听到睡着。提高英语听力，这个方法真的超级有用！
　　当然，精听也非常重要。我们可以找来托福听力原题（包括音频和原文），一句一句地听。每一句都播放几遍，直到自己听懂整句话的意思。如果还是不懂的话，就用听力原文进行对比，看看自己有没有听错或者听漏什么内容。精听比较耗费时间，听一篇要半个小时甚至更久。每天精听一两个passage就可以了，这种方法真的可以快速提高英语听力水平。
　　除此之外，跟读也是一个提高听力的有用方式，对照原文一句一句跟读托福听力音频可以让我们对“英语声音”记得更快，更有效率。
　　当我们拥有足够的英语听力水平，托福听力就不会使我们抓狂。但是我们依然很难拿到满分，总是会错那么一两道题。而掌握托福听力技巧可以帮助我们更好地答题，提升正确率，甚至在英语听力水平有限的情况下也答对题目！这种托福听力技巧就是掌握托福听力的内容规律和出题规律。
　　首先是听力内容的规律性。我们以一篇托福听力原题为例子进行介绍。

　　先自己听一会儿，别往下看原文！！！
　　大家听懂了多少？如果你觉得好多内容都没听懂，那么还要继续努力。不过也不用太紧张，因为这一篇真题的难度还是比较大的。下面我们来看看听力原文。
　　【真题Cryogenian period】
　　Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class.
　　So continuing with ice ages, we've looked at the Pleistocene Ice Age up through the so-called Little Ice Age in Europe, but today I'd like to talk about a controversial hypothesis that Earth went through tremendous ice ages before all these others between approximately 600 and 700 million years ago during a geologic period that's known as the Cryogenian.（主题：一个冰川纪）
　　Cryo is from the Greek and means cold. The name comes from the glacial deposits going back to this period. They’re found all around the world, which indicates that glacier spread across all the continents at that time even near the equator.
　　And this is the premise of a hypothesis commonly called Snowball Earth（大雪球假说）.The name pretty much described the condition, that it is just proposed existed than with not only the continents, but also the oceans entirely covered with thick sheets of ice.（冰川纪是大雪球假说的前提）
　　But how could the Snowball Earth climate have come about? In the other ice ages, we’ve looked at, up to 30% of the Earth's surface was covered in ice. But here we're talking way more than that.（后文讲大雪球气候是怎么来的）
　　Okay. This gives us a chance for review. When radiation from the sun reaches our planet, some of it is absorbed and some of it reflected back into space, right? And different surfaces on Earth reflect solar radiation differently. They don't have the same surface albedo. Surface albedo is a measure that tells us how much solar radiation gets reflected back into space. Ocean water, for example, tends to absorb radiation. Its surface albedo is low. So that has a warming effect on the planet. But ice and snow reflect a lot of solar radiation. They have a higher albedo. It's like how wearing white clothing can help you stay cooler in a hot day than wearing black clothing. Similarly, ice and snow as well as being very cold themselves have an additional cooling effect because they keep solar radiation from being absorbed.（复习气候持续变冷的原理）
　　Now once this process of reflection and cooling gets started, it can end up being self-perpetuating.The cooling increases the ice cover, which increases the surface albedo, so the climate gets even colder, causing more ice to form and so on. This is called the ice albedo feedback.Normally the process is kept in check by the ocean's absorption of solar radiation, but according to the Snowball Earth hypothesis, the feedback loop didn't stop. And so ice and snow were covering more and more land, cooling Earth's surface more and more quickly, and got to the point where even the oceans were covered in ice.（持续变冷循环）
　　Now the thought of Earth as a giant snowball. I have to admit it has some dramatic appeal. And a number of geologists have come on board with it in fact, because there's certainly evidence of extreme glaciation during the Cryogenian period. （后面要讲极寒的证据evidence）
　　For example, in Oman, now Oman's in the Middle East, right? So a hot climate today. Well, sedimentary rocks there provide clear evidence of glaciers in the Cryogenian period. But a new research study looked at the sedimentary rocks more closely. （一个新研究）The technique they used. It’s useful to know this, because we will come across it again. What they look at is a measure called a chemical index of alteration. The chemical index of alteration is a gauge of chemical weathering of rock, which means the chemical changes that occurred in rock due to environmental conditions. A high rate of chemical weathering indicates a warm and humid environment. Well, a low rate of chemical weathering is consistent with cool and dry conditions. So in this rock in Oman, the chemical index of alteration suggests that the climate during the Cryogenian wasn't consistent. There's definitely evidence of periods with low rates of chemical weathering and therefore cold conditions. But these alternate with intervals of high chemical weathering, which represent times of warmer weather, which means that there were periods when that deep-freeze broke. （证据发现极寒期不持续，有变热的时期）But how? If the Earth was completely frozen for a long period of time, Idoubt warmer periods could have happened. The incoming solar radiation would have been reflected back, right? So the warmer periods indicate that at least some portions of the ocean weren't frozen over.（证明大雪球假说可能有点问题，一些海面没有被冰冻）