托福口语中的信号词 托福备考

　　托福口语task 3为综合口语考察板块，大家需要首先阅读一份120字左右的阅读材料然后听一段对话，结合阅读与听力内容回答问题。
　　Task3 不仅仅考察大家的听力能力，同时也考察同学们对于信息的快速理解以及记忆能力。因此要在短时间内，要学会如何快速理解阅读材料信息以及如何准确记忆听力重要内容。
　　我们可以通过一些信号词来记忆关键信息。
　　阅读材料通常情况下为两方面的内容：
　　1）学校通知
　　2）学生建议
　　我们今天以学校通知为例，来看一下如何根据关键词信号词记忆重要信息。
　　Program to Provide Free Tutoring
　　The university has announced that starting with the fall semester, free tutoring will be available to all new students for their entire first year. The academic dean, James Maxwell, commented, “The university is aware of the academic problems that many first-year students face when making the transition from high school to college.” The new tutoring program, he said, is designed to assist first-year students who want or need additional support with their academic course work. The program will also be organized so that individual students can arrange to work with tutors majoring in their own chosen field of study.
　　1.原文一、句通常为背景信息，同学们可以简略读过。第二句通常为信息句，指出问题或者进入主体论证，此处需要准确理解。
　　2.理解主体信息时，需要特别注意转折或者承接的词语，通常此处表示有新的信息出现，如上文中出现的：also，so that
　　表转折信息词：however，but， by contrast, still, yet, nevertheless, while, whereas
　　表承接或补充说明信息词：and, besides，moreover, in addition, furthermore
　　下面我们来看一下听力信息中需要注意的信息词：
　　man：Hey, did you read about this plan?
　　woman：Yeah, and I think it's really a great idea.
　　man：Why's that?
　　Woman：Well, a lot of new students really need this, I mean, it's not just about getting extra help with the course material, they'll probably also get information about things like taking notes or the best way to study for exams.
　　Man：Yeah, I barely even knew how to do those things when I first came here.
　　Woman： Neither did I. So these are things most students wind up having to learn on their own at first. That's why so many of them have a hard time.
　　Man：And it's probably good that they can work with somebody who has the same interests.
　　Woman：Right, that will be a real advantage: to get information about the classes you're gonna need to take from somebody who's already taken those classes. And they could recommend professors and tell you who the best advisers in the department are, things like that.
　　man：I see what you mean, so new students could get access to information about the program from another student’s point of view.
　　woman：Exactly!
　　听力对话通常是一男一女，对话中其中一方的对话比较重要。因此在记忆信息时，首先需要判断谁发表的意见更加详细。在上述对话中，女生回答明显更为重要。因此在记忆女生的对话要特别注意其回答到底发表几个点，且首先可以通过信息词判断她的回答为支持或反对。
　　1.上述女生为支持此观点：“a great idea.”
　　2.记忆观点：
　　1）not just aboutgetting extra help with course material, they’ll probably also get information about things like taking notes or the best way to study for exams.信号词判断：此处有两点信息，重点为第二点
　　2） “neither did i”判断女生对上述某表否定的信息表示赞同。
　　3）that will be a real advantage（判断后文应出现优缺点，重点记忆）: to get information about the classes you're gonna need to take from somebody who's already taken those classes.And （承接连词）they could recommend professors and tell you who the best advisers in the department are, things like that.

　　补充信号词：
　　表示补充说明的: moreover, in addition, furthermore.
　　Example: She took a shower last night. Moreover/In addition/Furthermore, she had a nice dinner with a few friends.
　　这些词一般后面要跟与前文观点不冲突的语句，比如不是相反的意思.
　　表示结果：therefore, as a result, thus, hence.
　　Example: She did not take a shower last night. As a result, she felt tired this morning while working.
　　表示比较对照：on the contrary, in contrast, however, nevertheless, instead.
　　Example: She did not take a shower last night. On the contrary, she went to the gym and spent two hours there.
　　这些词是连接与前文不一样的观点，而且往往强调词后观点。